The beginning of the seventeenth century

The beginning of the seventeenth century was the time when the arguments between naturalism and classicism were to preoccupy much of the Baroque age. Perhaps the most successful integration of these ideas came in the work of the sculptor-architect Gianlorenzo Bernini. No other artist during the Baroque era so completely dominated his discipline as did this virtuoso, whose sculpted figure works came to personify the very spirit of the Counter-Reformation. Born in Naples, from an early age he possessed tremendous technical skill in modeling.His David (Fig. 1), of 1623-24, sculpted between ages of twenty-five and twenty-six, evokes comparison with the Davids of Donatello and Michelangelo. Each work encapsulates the ideal and aspirations of its days. The sinuous body and graceful gesture of Donatello’s bronze speak of the break with the stiffness and grim determinism of the medieval age. Michelangelo’s David is quintessentially heroic, his gigantic body and sensuous muscula ture the very idiom of human self-confidence in the High Renaissance.By comparison, Bernini’s sculpture, neither complacent nor particularly grand, takes on combativeness and an offensive posture; here the body appears to attack and defeat. Christopher Baker argues that Bernini revolutionized sculpture by â€Å"Contorting facial expressions and bodies, endowing skin and drapery with tactile sensuousness, making hair and features seem to move, and differentiating textures for colorist effects† (21) Indeed, the agitation of the area around the figure was in fact very new to sculpture, and its provocative engagement of the space amplified the viewer’s relationship to the art.This was the very essence of the Baroque. Bernini’s technical skill is also worthy of consideration, for here we can see the influence of Caravaggio (Loh). Bernini’s captivating use of light and shade through the technique of undercutting gave his cold marble figure an emotional v itality on a par with the very best chiaroscuro in painting. And to appreciate fully such an advance in sculpture, it is necessary to consider in greater depth stone carving as it was practiced in the seventeenth century.Michelangelo likened carving to liberating a figure from its stone captivity. If this was indeed a feeling shared by sculptors of the day, then perhaps, as Varriano suggests, Bernini’s figures â€Å"leapt from their prisons† (73). The emotional gestures and agitated surfaces give one the impression that the figures are indeed flesh and blood. The drama of the scene is caught entirely by the convincing portrayal of movement, produced by a series of deep cuts into the marble surface that catch and reflect light.These deep spaces of shadow are produced by a technique called â€Å"undercutting† – a method of manipulating the descriptive character of light on stone. Undercutting is a technique of creating deep cuts in stone which produce shado w; (Rothschild, 72) the result suggests movement and dynamism, as the surface is transformed by light and shade capable of expressing the most dramatic of gestures. In Bernini’s remarkable The Ecstasy of St. Teresa (Fig. 2) we are witness to the dramatic potential of such a development.Noteworthy is the way the draperies of the enraptured saint take on the lightness of cloth and the way scene itself is wrapped within a turmoil of lines created through the intensive use of shadow. Bernini was also well aware of coloristic possibilities afforded by marble and used striking variation of the pink, white, green, and black varieties to produce spectacular results. One such example is his execution of the Tomb of Alexander VII (Fig.3) of 1671-8, where traditional white marble figures are juxtaposed against colored marble drapery, striking black pedestals and the every present symbol of death – the skeleton. This is the Baroque sensibility in all its glory. Considering Bernini ’s rather formidable skill in engaging space and working materials, it was perhaps inevitable that he would embrace architecture as well. The most notable of his achievements was his design for the piazza of St. Peter’s in Rome. Relying on many of the techniques and innovations of Renaissance architects, Bernini nevertheless allowed his engaging sense of novelty to guide him.As a result, the unorthodox combination of Doric and Ionic orders and the dramatic sweep of the colonnade, which psychologically heightens the pilgrim’s anticipation of the Church (Marder, 112), appear very much in keeping with his quintessentially Baroque sensibility. Here, space is arranged for what can be described only as kinesthetic ends; Bernini’s deliberate manipulation of the viewer’s sense of rhythm and motion as they progress towards the steps of St. Peter’s is thus a logical extension of his sculptural strategy – space as a psychological tool.It is this notable departure in the construction of space from the relative stasis of Renaissance that perhaps epitomizes the rise of specifically Baroque architecture. Figure 1 Gianlorenzo Bernini David 1623-24 White marble 170 cm Galleria Borghese, Rome Figure 2 Gianlorenzo Bernini Ecstasy of St. Teresa, 1642-52 Marble Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome Figure 3 Gianlorenzo Bernini Tomb of Pope Alexander (Chigi) VII 1671-78 Marble and gilded bronze, over life-size Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican Bibliography: Baker, Christopher.Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1720: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002 Loh, Maria H. â€Å"New and Improved: Repetition as Originality in Italian Baroque Practice and Theory. † The Art Bulletin. 86. 3. (2004): 477+ Marder, T. A. Bernini and the Art of Architecture. New York, London and Paris: Abbeville Press, 1998. Rothschild, Lincoln. Sculpture through the Ages. New York: Whittlesey House, 1942 Varriano, John. Italia n Baroque and Rococo Architecture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986

Mediated Modes of Communication and Its Impact to Society

As we bask into the Information Age, human communication is ongoing and transforming to become more interactive and accessible. As we all know, communication is dynamic, ongoing, ever-changing, and continuous. Simple communication entails the message being sent and the receiver perceives and accepts the message. Communication models find their origins in Greek antiquity. Aristotle recognized the speaker, speech, and audience as communication components. Five hundred years before Christ, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus, observed that â€Å"a man (or woman) can never step into the river twice. The man (or woman) is different and so is the river† (Gortner et al. 1997, p. 36). Change and continuity are intertwined—as men or women step into the river—in a process of actions which flow through the ages. Communication is a process and flows like a stream through time. It is indubitable that technology has brought about gargantuan impacts to the past modes of communication, be it formal and informal. In an era of faxes, computers, and photocopying machines, communication challenges will emerge that are even more complex, demanding, and technical. Moreover, cell phones, e-mail, and telephone answering machines contribute to the narrowing of the gulf between formal and informal communication distinctions. Anthropologists already have researched on the relationship of conventional forms of verbal interaction and those mediated by new technologies such as the Internet, satellite transmissions, and cell phones. Crystal (2001) had revealed that the Internet constituted a new frontier in human social interaction on par with the inventions of the telephone and telegraph, and even print and broadcast technologies. Scholars of language use, language change, and ideologies of language must surely explore and interrogate the effects of these technologies on traditional modes of communication, the impact of our new capacity to communicate instantly anywhere in the world, and the meaning of language contact as it is taking place in cyberspace. Most of these technologies, notwithstanding constant new advances in computer-mediated graphics, are text or voice based. Thus, â€Å"if the Internet is a revolution, therefore, it is likely to be a linguistic revolution† (Crystal 2001, p. viii). Many observers allege that the Internet is changing society. Perhaps not surprisingly, given the novelty of the new digital media, there is little agreement about what those changes are. It is believed that it is important for sociologists to address these issues for three reasons. First, the medium’s rapid growth offers a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for scholars to test theories of technology diffusion and media effects during the early stages of a new medium's diffusion and institutionalization. Second, the Internet is unique because it integrates both different modalities of communication (reciprocal interaction, broadcasting, individual reference-searching, group discussion, person/machine interaction) and different kinds of content (text, video, visual images, audio) in a single medium. This versatility renders plausible claims that the technology w ill be implicated in many kinds of social change, perhaps more deeply than television or radio. Finally, choices are being made–systems developed, money invested, laws passed, regulations promulgated–that will shape the system's technical and normative structure for decades to come. Many of these choices are based on behavioral assumptions about how people and the Internet interact (Dimaggio, Hargittai, Neuman & Robinson, 2001, p. 307). As these technological innovations are revolutionizing information and entertainment delivery, these technology-mediated modes of communication have affected the transformation of people’s social lives and behaviors, even political institutions and the role of citizens within them. As people argue that the new technology of short messaging system (SMS), email, online discussions, on-demand information, and web-powered information diffusion and interest aggregation will lead to a more informed, engaged, and influential mass public. With this, will we live in a better informed and connected, more engaged and participatory society—or in a society of lonely ex-couch potatoes glued to computer screens, whose human contacts are largely impersonal and whose political beliefs are easily manipulated, relying on the icons of a wired or wireless society? Fact is that, Erbring and Lutz (2005) have indicated that when people spend more time using the Internet, the more they lose contact with their social environment. They cited a study that this effect is noticeable even with people using just 2-5 Internet hours per week; and it rises substantially for those spending more than 10 hours per week, of whom up to 15 percent report a decrease in social activities. Even more striking is the fact that Internet users spend much less time talking on the phone to friends and family: the percentage reporting a decrease exceeds 25 percent—although it is unclear to what extent this represents a shift to email even in communicating with friends and family or a technical bottleneck due to a single phone line being pre-empted by Internet use. Because of the accessibility of the new modes of communication, people have used these as tools to avoid confrontation that is emphasized in face-to-face communication. In fact, in   UAE and in Malaysia, cell phones have been used to end marriages by SMS-ing â€Å"Talaq, Talaq, Talaq† (â€Å"Divorce, Divorce, Divorce†). But then, this is not the first time technology has been used in officially terminating a relationship. Earlier, it was telephonic, postal and telegram divorces; now there are divorce via e-mail and SMS. Technology has changed the way people are courting, getting married and yes, also the way they are separating. â€Å"If people are meeting and dating on the Internet, why not divorces?† says Anuradha Pratap, principal of Al-Ameen Management College in Bangalore, India. â€Å"If weddings can take place using technology, why not divorce?† asked Ayesha Banu, a Bangalore resident. â€Å"There were telephone weddings nearly two decades ago. It’s only the technology that has changed, everything else has remained the same† (Kiran, 2 June 2003). On the other hand, Halliday (1990) noted that â€Å"when new demands are made on language †¦ [and when] we are making language work for us in ways it never had to do before, it will have to become a different language in order to cope† (p. 82). It is arguable that technology-based media present new demands which have the potential of promoting variations in language use Perhaps, the demands are not novel in itself, but it is rather the blurring, the amalgamation, of previous demands which may result in linguistic variations. Take, for instance, computer communication systems which have placed demands, often associated with spoken language, on the production of written language. This reassignment is most observable in synchronous computer-mediated communication such as MOOs (MUD Object Oriented), MUDs (Multi-User Domain), and Chat. While the language takes on a written form, it is constrained by temporal limitations which require immediate responses. Conversely, this type of synchronous communication, which can be considered an essentially oral language (Collot & Belmore, 1996), is also constrained by norms — including spelling and grammar norms — most often associated with written language. For example in SMS, people usually shorten their message to hasten the process. Like sending the message â€Å"Are you going to the party tonight?† would be shortened to â€Å"R U GOING 2 THE PARTY TONYT?† Indeed, grammar and spelling would be gravely affected, just to facilitate the convenience of a faster communication process. However, from a perspective of language change multimodal forms of communication, such as emails, text messages and chat rooms, are essentially new forms of communication. As used here the term ‘multimodal' refers to the way that texts use devices from a range of different communication systems at the same time. So, for example, you can send an email message to six of your friends simultaneously; previously you could only do this through speaking to them as a group. In other words writing takes on a characteristic which once belonged to speech only (Beard, 2004, p. 44). Emails are usually message exchanges between a pair of named individuals communicating on a single issue, chat-groups usually involve several people: they can be anonymous or use a pseudonym; their communication can be of an indefinite length; and they can cover a wide range of topics. Crystal (2001) uses the term ‘asynchronous' to describe groups where ‘postings' are placed on ‘boards' and ‘synchronous' to describe groups who ‘chat' in real time. The terms 'email' and ‘text message' both suggest a written form, but the terms ‘chat-room/ chat-group' suggest a form of talk; a form of talk – chat – that is traditionally seen as social rather than serious in its content. Although the terminology that labels new communication genres draws upon the traditional binary opposites of speaking/writing (mail/ chat), it is not very helpful to see such texts as products of these opposites. Instead each of the genres has its own unique methods of communication, and then each of the texts produced within the genre has its own specific context. So, for example, the idea of turn-taking, which is crucial to many kinds of vocalized talk, is achieved in very different ways in chat-groups. The acts of reading, thinking, replying and sending the reply, which is not necessarily received instantly, is being undertaken by each of the participants at the same time. This inevitably leads to a dislocation of the exchange in a way that does not happen with emails and text messages. Yet, participants within the process are well able to manage this complicated exercise in pragmatics. Another aspect of pragmatics involves the fact that whereas in face-to-face group conversation your presence is still registered, even if you are silent, this is more problematic in chat-groups. As Crystal (2001) notes: â€Å"in chatgroups silence is ambiguous: it may reflect a deliberate withholding, a temporary inattention, or a physical absence (without signing off)†. Indeed, technology is crucial in the development of the information highway that would link every home to a fiber-optic network over which voice, data, television, and other services would be transmitted. The internet’s architecture is determined by an informal group of U.S.-based software and computer engineers. The internet’s global scope and electronic commerce’s growth make its management an international policy issue. Analysts and government believe a hands-off approach is best (Cukier 1998, p. 39-41). People and organizations determine the course of the future, not computers. As a form of communication, the internet can be used by individuals, private corporations, and government agencies for good or bad, but it cannot influence the direction our society chooses to take. The internet only reflects the society that created it. The development and use of the telegraph and telephone provide a definitive pattern for how the newest form of networked communication, the internet, will be used in the future (Nye, Fall 1997). The lack of accountability and civility have increased as the anonymity in U.S. society has increased, states newspaper columnist Ellen Goodman. She cites the anonymous zones of talk radio and cyberspace among the fox holes for people who want to say anything and everything with impunity (Goodman, 5 September 1996). Despite the downside of the information highway, internet access has made communication between local government and citizens much easier nationwide. Public records access, personnel postings, permit applications, and legislative updates are available online in dozens of cities and counties (Bowser January 1998, p. 36). The technology of the internet may afford the masses access to much more information and many more options. So, internet technology is neither evil nor good. â€Å"Thanks to the internet and satellite TV, the world is being wired together technologically, but not socially, politically, or culturally,† concluded New York Times columnist Thomas L. Friedman (12 May 2001). â€Å"We are now seeing and hearing one another faster and better, but with no corresponding improvement in our ability to learn from, or understand, one another. So integration, at this stage, is producing more anger than anything else.† The new modes of communication educate people faster than any previous technology the world has known. However, the internet can just as easily infiltrate the minds of millions with lies, half-truths, and hatreds. Friedman (12 May 2001) deemed that â€Å"the internet, at its ugliest, is just an open sewer: an electronic conduit for untreated, unfiltered information.† The internet and satellite TV may inflame emotions and cultural biases, resulting in less understanding and tolerance. Government programs are built on political consensus. Legislation is enacted for the long term. Compromises are based on education, exchanges, diplomacy, and human interaction. However, due to the lack of face-to-face context and the lack of interactional coherence in e-mail and SMS, people need to be more explicit and concise in order to make their message as well as the purpose transparent to their audience, especially in initiated, not responsive, messages. If the message is not explicit enough, the receiver may not be able to provide an optimal response, or the message may turn into a lengthy sequenced exchange before a desired response is obtained. Thus, language use and structure are greatly affected but the intention remains the same. With the fear of the deterioration of language through these new technologies, it is only right that people should still be educated appropriately with regards to the correct structure and use language, so that they will not be confused when they utilize the normal modes of communication. Technology should enhance how society behaves and interact and not the other way around. Works Cited Beard, Adrian. Language Change. London: Routledge, 2004. Bowser, Brandi. Opening the Window to Online Democracy: www.localgovernment. com, American City & County 113.1 (January 1998): 36–38. Collot, M. and N. Belmore . Electronic Language: A New Variety of English. In S. C. Herring (Ed.), Computer-Mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social and Cross-Cultural Perspectives (pp. 13-28). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1996. Crystal, David. Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001. Cukier, Kenneth. Who Runs the Internet? World Press Review, 45.5 (May 1998): 39–41. Dimaggio, Paul, Eszter Hargittai, W. Russell Neuman, and John P. Robinson. Social Implications of the Internet. Annual Review of Sociology (2001): 307. Friedman, Thomas L. Global Village Idiocy, The New York Times, (May 12, 2002). Goodman, Ellen. Anonymity Breeds Incivility, Boston Globe, (September 5, 1996):17A. Gortner, Harold F., Julianne Mahler, and Jeanne Bell Nicholson, Organization Theory: A Public Perspective, 2nd ed. (Fort Worth, Tex.: Harcourt Brace, 1997), pp. 135–141. Halliday, M. A. K. Spoken and Written Language. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1990. Kiran, Jyothi. SMS Divorces, Women’s Feature Service. (June 2, 2003). Nie, Norman H. and Erbring, Lutz. â€Å"Internet Use Decreases Social Interaction.† The Internet. Ed. James D. Torr. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Nye, David E. Shaping Communication Networks: Telegraph, Telephone, Computer, Social Research, 64.3 (Fall 1997): 1067–1092.

Windows 8.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Windows 8.1 - Essay Example Correspondingly, a user-point of view has been considered in this essay. Windows 8.1 comprises a bunch of new features and apps, identifiable as better visible enhancement options, a tight integration of OneDrive, additional number of snap views, and support to internet explorer 11 among others. Besides, it possesses the capacity of restoring a start button on the taskbar and replacing previous reactions when opening the desktop at the time of login. 3D printing, High-resolution display, Miracast Streaming and Wi-Fi Direct are a few of the new features that Windows 8.1 presents to all users of Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7. It is in this context that to access these new features and apps, users of Windows 8.1 has to take the help of technical support team, which in turn indicates lack of ease of use (Microsoft, 2014). From the ease of point of view, new users of Windows 8.1, who are still used to the features of Windows XP Professional package or Windows Vista package, need to update their systems with Windows 8.1 package. It is in this regards that designers have to keep in mind that after updating the system with Windows 8.1, users can freely accustom its features as per their convenience, which will result to their enhanced ease of use. Again, following the installation of the new version of Windows 8.1, many of the old features get automatically removed from the system, causing confusions for the users and inhibiting their ease of use. This particular factor also needs to be updated, according to the user specification (USA Today, 2013). Windows 8.1 was introduced with many new features according to the user preferences. For example, a tight integration of OneDrive has made photography a favorite pass time for Windows 8.1 users. In addition, updated version of Internet Explorer 11 along with enhanced features of 3D printing, Miracast Streaming, Wi-Fi Direct and

Performance Review Takes a Page from Facebook Research Paper - 1

Performance Review Takes a Page from Facebook - Research Paper Example It is true that social media has found massive inroads in the lives of many but delegating such an important task to informal social media conversation is not only time consuming but might also be ineffective. Formal performance evaluation not only tells people where they stand but also provides guidance as to how to increase performance in future. There are other important elements of performance feedback and evaluation as well like anonymity which might not be fulfilled through regular conversation. It is therefore safe to disagree with the statement that regular conversation eliminates the need for formal performance evaluations. Regular conversation is important in today’s society and people should have a forum where they can voice their concerns and can get help. There is no doubt in the efficacy of making regular conversations with employees but the purpose of formalized performance evaluation is to informs employees about their performance for a time period. Regular conversations might not fulfill this purpose because performance evaluation should be spaced accurately so that employees have a chance to show improvements. Performance evaluations cannot be taken every month and week, and this is why formal performance evaluation and feedback is important. In different age groups performance feedback effectiveness through social networks will be very different from each other. For example for veterans such a method might not work at all because they are not very technology friendly (Jeffries, 2007). They might be more comfortable with face to face performance evaluation or paper based evaluations. Baby boomers might also not as comfortable with technology as other younger age groups (Perez, 2009), and therefore they might also not prefer such system of performance evaluations. Other age groups like Generation X and generation Y might be more comfortable with performance evaluations done through social media. This is because of their

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Critically examine the ways in which practices of security are Essay

Critically examine the ways in which practices of security are changing in response to concerns about globalisation - Essay Example In this regard, information technology has virtually broken the geographical barriers to trade that had undermined economic development in the last century (Coaffee, 2006). Globalization has created as sense of interdependence in all realms of human existence resulting to both negative and positive consequences. On one hand, the developments form an enabling environment for attaining economic success, enhancement of better political systems in addition to promotion of peace and harmonious coexistence. On the other hand, globalization has created influential forces resulting to social fragmentation. Consequently, social vulnerabilities have occurred resulting to unprecedented levels of violence, conflict and insecurity. Moreover, economic disparities brought by globalization have occurred, causing economic crises across international borders. These events have created hardships across the world, which contributes significantly in development of security threats (Corva, 2008). Overview of insecurity in context to globalization Security threats have become global in nature and more serious because of wide spread application of information technology. According to Davis (2009) application of this technology has resulted to enhanced transfer and sharing of knowledge that has also been made possible by easy movement of people. Researchers attribute the increasing levels of insecurity to the effects of globalization. Combination of these developments coupled with the increasing economic interactions has resulted to mass resentment and problems that form the root cause of global insecurity. However, globalization has resulted to positive developments by offering new opportunities for the achieving economic growth and democracy (Davis, 2009). These positive effects of globalization can be used to counter the adverse effects of globalization by addressing its root causes. September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States highlighted the dangers of globalization whereby the Al-Qaida terror organization executed the attacks using the developments from globalization, including effective communication technologies, global financial networks, and easy movement of people because of better modes of transport (Davis 2009). The international community responded swiftly after the terror attack and since then, enforcement of security changed dramatically. Currently, security measures are not confined to surveillance but are now more extensive, addressing issues affecting human security such as democracy, climate change, poverty, immigration, in addition to drug trafficking (Davis, 2009). According to Heuer (1999), human security is concerned with how people live in the society and it ranges from political governance to the economic wellbeing of the people in local and international context. It entails how people exercise their free will, how they access market and social opportunities and whether they live in peace or conflict (Heuer, 1999). Campbell (2005) argued that human insecurity affects not only economic development, but also other realms of existence. In this respect Campbell, (2005) identified seven important areas of human security. These include economic, food, health security, environmental and personal security. In addition, community security and political security are important areas of concern for addressing the current security threats in the world. In a

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

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Relief o choking in victims one year of age and older Essay

Relief o choking in victims one year of age and older - Essay Example When there is plenty of nasal secretion in the airways of a child, breathing difficulties may arise during feeding and in the periods between meals, because some children are unable to open their mouths wide enough once their noses are bunged up. As a child in new born, inhalation difficulties are likely to arise, if there is a mechanical obstruction in the airways. Problems with both inhalation and exhalation can indicate cardiac dyspnea in children. Yet, the most common reasons for choking in children aged one year or older include breathing in a small object, a part of a toy, food or some other object that might block airways, i.e. throat and windpipe. It is also possible that children breathe in vomited material, while being asleep/unconscious. Generally, choking in children aged one year and older is caused by the obstruction of a child’s airways, which can be divided into two main kinds – mild and severe airway obstruction (Blair-Harmon). Naturally, handling different kinds of choking depends greatly on recognition of them and knowledge of symptoms. The signs indicating mild airway obstruction are the following: there is a good air exchange in a child’s airways; the child is responsive and coughs forcefully; the child might wheeze between coughs (Blair-Harmon). This type of obstruction is easy to get rid of as there is a good air exchange and apnea is virtually impossible. Thus, it is important to encourage breathing efforts and coughing in children until the foreign object is removed. Moreover, one mustn’t interfere with the attempts to remove the foreign object or perform first aid, yet it is necessary to stay with the child and monitor the situation – the need to call 911 may arise, if mild airway obstruction still persists. Another – and more serious type of mechanical obstruction is severe airway obstruction that is crucial to be recognized promptly. In this case, there is no

Arizona Immigration Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Arizona Immigration Law - Research Paper Example Section 2.8b. States: â€Å"For any lawful contact made †¦ a reasonable attempt shall be made, when practicable, to determine the immigration status of the person.† (Senate research). This is crucial as it seeks to protect the rights of lawful immigrants in the country. Section 3.f. clarifies this by stating: â€Å"This section does not apply to a person who maintains authorization from the federal government to remain in the United States.† The constitution requires that governments protect their citizens from crimes such as burglary and foreign security threats. By enacting the immigration law, Arizona legislators acted in accordance with the constitution to protect the citizens. The law seeks to curb potential national threats from immigrants in possession of deadly weapons and anything that can be used in executing terror attacks. The country suffers a security threat from illegal immigrants who might commit crimes and undertake terrorist attacks hence any legi slation against them is much welcomed. In the US federal prisons, 25% of the inmates are illegal aliens, and 12% of total felonies and 25% of burglaries can be attributed to illegal aliens. The Arizona immigration law prevents law enforcement officers from color discriminations when contacting people. It provides that for one to be conducted he or she must have committed a crime. This acts, if implemented as intended, to curb racial profiling. It would be in concordant with the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution, which states: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects†. Being secure in their persons means that no one will be subject to discrimination by the mere fact that they are white or black, but they will have to violate the law for a contact to be made. The provision for a person to fill a legal suit if there is an adopted or implemented policy that hinders or limits the enforcement of the Federal Immigration Laws means the enforcers will feel compelled at all times to act so as to ensure the aliens are kept at bay. This will act in the benefit of the citizens and the legal aliens to keep away the negative effects associated with these illegal immigrants, some being severe such as rapes, theft, burglary and terror. In addition, this law necessitates the removal of more law breakers from will Arizona. According to the US constitution, each state’s citizens are entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of citizens in the other states. Some of these privileges include employment opportunities. In line to this, the Arizona Immigration Law (SB 1070) requires all employers to properly scrutinize their potential employees before hiring them through the e-verification in order to ensure they are legal in the country. This provision prevents the illegal immigrants from taking away jobs from the citizens and hence, a beneficial one. It further requires employers to keep a record of the employee for a t least three months and further stipulates that incase an employer has hired an illegal emigrant, he or she should be aligned in a court of law. It also gives the state the right to suspend or terminate business licenses whenever the business entities violate this legislation. This strongly defends the US citizens’ privilege to access job opportunities in their states. It can also be argued that the Arizona Immig

Bargaining Power of Buyers Essay Example for Free

Bargaining Power of Buyers Essay The correlation between the console, developer and consumer is best explained by the paradigm of supplier power. The differentiation of inputs is the key available to the consumer to influence the video game industry as a whole. The developer also has similar power and the consoles are thus dependent on these two key inputs for generating creativity and therefore increasing the sales of the console per se as well as the $ 10 royalty that is being charged from each publisher for publishing the game on the particular console. Volumes are the key input as far as the suppliers are concerned. These also impact the console as there is a need to ensure that more number of games are compatible with each console which will help drive sales. The main strategy for negotiating with the supplier by the console is that of backward integration which is followed in a diffused manner, in that there is open ended competition generated amongst the developers to obtain the most creative inputs. Substitutes In as much as consoles are concerned there is limited threat of substitutes within the oligopoly established. However there is a constant need for up gradation between the three rivals, Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft which is driving the video game console industry. The substitutes also act in the form of providing alternatives to the games on respective consoles creating a different level of threats. The threat of piracy is a grave problem with the total size being at $ 3 billion, the industry will most certainly be affected by piracy which may increase with greater dependence on online gaming and the internet. The bargaining power of consoles has been considerably weakened over the years due to price and product sensitivity; thereby the developers are able to manipulate the rivalry between the three principal players to their own advantage. This is causing only intermediate points of advantage to the console when a new advanced version is introduced, they can bargain with the developers for placing their games on the new console, Another important facet is that of royalty that is being charged from publishers for each console, the buyer has the leverage to increase the same or even have a variable pricing depending on the spread of the product. Thus on initial introduction a higher charge could be made and as more consoles are inducted in the system, the volumes could provide scope for reducing the royalty. The backward integration with the developer and the consumer remains the key strategy of all buyers and towards which they are continuously working. The integration with the buyer through programs such as Nintendo’s forums and magazine feed back ensures that the companies obtain buyer information on a continuous basis. In fact the video games industry is doing so at no cost to itself which acts as a positive growth factor for the same. Buyer volumes are likely to increase each day with a healthy growth of 30 % envisaged for the industry over the next few years. Case Studies Establishing Linkages Console, Developer and Consumer Sony Sony Computer Entertainment Inc is a company which has been established in November 1993. It is based in Tokyo and has a capitalization of 1. 933 billion Yen and a sales and operating revenue of 737. 0 billion Yen for year ending 31 March 2005. This places its net income at 35. 5 billion Yen. It is presently leading in the field of console gaming. Its principal area of business is the research, development, production and sales of both the hardware and software for the video game systems Play Station 2 and Play Station Portable. The number of employees of the company as on 1 April 2006 is said to be 1200. (www. sony. com). It would thus be evident that Sony is managing the large scale of its operation on out sourced processes some of which will be covered separately herein. The company is extensively dependent on the developers for developing games. A call has been made to developers for games for its new console, Playstation 3. (Sharma, 2005). This has been an opportunity provided to the developers to build up game scenarios and develop the schematics for new games for the PS 3. Sony is calling this program as Game Yaroze! 2006. This has been standard practice for the company as per industry watchers as a similar program was launched by the company when it developed Play Station 1. An entire range of games were developed for the console with inputs from developers. The company expects contribution from amateurs as well as professional developers. Gamers are also reported to have contributed significantly to the development of games on Sony’s Play Station (Sharma, 2005). The symbiotic relationship between gamers and developers as well as console producers can be explained by the recent threat by gamers of the Call of Duty 2 game threatening to go on strike as the developers did not respond to certain queries by them and threatened to shut down the gaming servers. With console gaming there is no such problem and it is relatively safe from hacking and other forms of information disruption practiced on the internet.

Role of Teachers and Parents in Imparting Values

Role of Teachers and Parents in Imparting Values Dr. Sandip Madhukar Mali - Abstract Now days everyone says that, today’s student’s behaviour is valueless. The prime aim of this paper is to identify the reason of this situation. Role of teacher and parent is important in imparting values in student. Values relate to the norms of a culture. Norms provide rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or evil. While norms are standards, patterns, rules and guides of expected behavior, values are abstract concepts of what is important and worthwhile. Different cultures reflect values differently and to different levels of emphasis. Over the last three decades, traditional-age college students have shown an increased interest in personal well-being and a decreased interest in the welfare of others. Values seemed to have changed, affecting the beliefs, and attitudes of the students. Student or child is looking the action of parent or teacher and did like this so, teacher and parents behavior is very ethical. Key Words: Value, Value education, Imparting Values, Role of Teacher, Parents. Introduction: Today we are talking of value education, value based education and value based society. All of us feel that the values are falling and nobody is respecting them. In an enthusiasm to point fingers at others we do not realize that we too have contributed to this fall. Role of teacher and parent is important in inculcating values in student or a child. Values are not a process of teaching but are inculcating with one’s own behaviour. Value literally means something that has a price, something precious, dear and worthwhile. It is defined as a belief upon which man acts by preference. By a close examination of different sources of the meaning of values, we may say. We use the term value as ‘Literary value,’ ‘Democratic Value’, ‘Life Value’ and ‘Education value in our day to day speaking and writing. In life process man accepts good things and avoids bad things. It is not human living to act neutrally and in the light of witness only. Acc eptable and non-acceptable, good and bad are the nature of values. Values are established and they are practicable. Importance of Values: Values refer the norms of behavior or culture. Values guide the selection or evaluation of action, policies, people and events. That is, values serve as standards or criteria. Values guide our behaviour and give meaning to our existence. d) Values assist us to take right decisions and make choices. e) Values give direction and firmness to life and help us to be morally sound. Type of Value and its areas: Human value- Human behaviour National or constitutional value- Constitutional rules Social value- Rules about society Vocational value- Ideals in various professions Religious value- Ideals related to religions Aesthetic value- Value in Arts and Literature Human value is like an axle of a wheel and other types of value are around it. Therefore if an individual is educated in human values, learning of all other values become leaser. Following are human values: 1) Truthfulness (2) Constructivity (3) Sacrifice (4) Sincerity (5) Self control (6) altruism (7) Sientific vision Value Development: Value development is a continuous, cumulative and highly interdependent process touching all the aspects of personality. Value/ Moral development is the axis on which revolves ones personality and character. Jean Piaget proposed a stage theory of moral development. Moral judgement is the basis of moral development. The earliest stage of childs morality is Heterogeneous morality governed by adult constraints or restrictions imposed by adults. The child considers an act wrong because the act is likely to bring punishment or restrictions. As the age advances, the child reaches a stage of Autonomous morality. The growing individual regards the rules as sacred and unchangeable. He identifies justice with rules and regulations of authority. Sigmund Freud, the father of Psychoanalysis views moral development as an identification process. The young child identifies himself with parents and internalizes the adult rules which lead to the development of morality. He considers super Ego primarily responsible for developing a moral frame of reference. The psychoanalytic school emphasises parent-child relationship as the basis of moral development. Albert Bandra, a Social learning theorist, is the exponent of observational learning. He studied the effect of modeling on learning of moral values. He considers imitation as the important determinant of morality. Televised aggenssion elicit aggressive behaviour while disciplined, restrained actions in visual media like TV elicit constructive behaviour. The content of communication media serves as the sources of values. Teachers and parents acts as a models for children to cultivate socially desirable behavioural patterns. The implications of these theories of moral development to the field of education are many and varied. Value education should be developmental value education, not just and external activity. It should be noted unlike physical or intellectual development, value development does not depend on heredity. It is purely an acquired character. No person can acquire moral value without living in human society. Value Education: Value education is simply a matter of developing appropriate behaviour and habits involving inculcation of certain virtues and habits. Moral development of a child, according to some, results automatically from the social life of the school. The child as a member of the group imbibes the attitudes, values and general behaviour of the group and continually tries to mould himself according to the group norm. Such adjustment to life constitutes his moral development. Since the dawn of culture and civilization in India, education, whether it is primary or higher, has always been a source of gradually cultivating wisdom by acquiring which a human being gets fitness for facing with the challenges of different stages of life and for dedicating to the welfare of humanity. In the process of our gradual journey from primary to higher education two sorts of major changes, relative to our attitude towards values, occur in our life. They are external or bodily and internal or self affirming. External changes in the sense that the students bag degrees by fair or foul means and on that basis get higher job positions. During the job, they collect more and more money, Cars, Bungalows and manage academic awards and all that by having which they may exploit themselves and the society with the disguised repute but they fears to face the deep hollowness of their disguised selves. They ruin self to the extent of dissatisfied and meaningless life. Money is value onl y when it is earned through honest and proper labour and distributed in proportion. One can realize money as value only through higher education. It earned by wrong means is thievery, the way of a rogue. Without realizing the values of and in higher education one cannot lead a meaningfully satisfied educated life. Role of Parents in imparting values: Childs first learning environment is a home and parents are the first teachers. Parents are demonstrate the appropriate behaviour by their actions because children’s are learn by observation and conditioning. Normally we come across three categories of parents. a) Caring parents: parents become highly concerned about these children, which is natural but they become over possessive, which is detrimental to the growth of the child. They would try to do everything for the child without allowing him to do or experiment something on his own. In this overflowing flood of concern, they pamper the child, overlook his omissions and start supporting him even when he needs correction. b) Careless parent: parents are not much concerned about the child. It does not mean that they do not love the child. Either, they are illiterates or too busy persons. Some of them do not have the methods and tools to handle their children and some do not have the time to guide and manage the children. c) Critical and strict parents: These parents desire to bring up their children under `total discipline. They expect the child to be always immaculate and faultless in every action and situation. They cannot tolerate anything otherwise. They are very critical and keep on pointing the finger of accusation at the child. They take all decisions about the child and truly believe that the child cannot /should not take decisions. The impressions that the child gets in the initial part of his life, remains with him. One can never escape the childhood experiences. What the parents did is more important than what they said, because, the child learns by observing and not just by listening. So child parenting rearing style is very crucial in imparting values. Role of Teachers in imparting values: The teacher has a powerful and enduring influence in the formation of the character of every future citizen. Teacher acts as a pivot for the transmission of intellectual and technical skills and cultural traditions from one generation to the other. Teaching is not a job; it is an attitude. Teacher is a source of information, a guide, a mentor, a surrogate parent, a motivator, all at the same time. Teaching is the only profession which always deals with the future. To be an ideal teacher, who can be a role model, some features of teacher: Anyone who does not love his subject can never be a good teacher and cannot inspire his students. If one does not have the respect for his vocation; he can never have self-esteem of himself. Such teachers do not exude confidence and assurance. If anyone loves their students as intensely as their own children they become a great teacher. Affirmative and Holistic personality teacher is imparting values in student. Conclusion: The role of a parent and teacher in the changing social scenario is becoming very challenging. In the earlier times teacher was the only source of information and commanded respect on this count. Today, we have multiple information centers like books, coaching centres, the audio visual aids such as audio cassettes, video tapes, microfilms and internet services that provide information to those who need it. Thus teachers role as the only source of information is marginalized. The society is becoming more materialistic and values appear to be pushed into the background. So parent and teacher role is very crucial in developing values in their child. References: Banerji, Sanjay and Prasad, Rajiv (2012). Role of Teachers and Educational Institutions in Value Based Higher Education, Vol. V, No. I, March -August 2012. Gulati, Sushma and Pant, Daya. (2002). Education for Values in Schools – A Framework Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education National Council of Educational Research and Training, Sri Aurobindo Marg: New Delhi – 110016. Gururaj, Karajagi. (2000). Role of Teachers and Parents in Imparting Values: Jain International Residential School, International Academy for Creative Teaching: Bangalore. NCERT (2005). Journal of Value Education: January July, 2005. Seetharam, A. R. (2001). Concept and Objectives of Value Education. Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Education: Mysore. Sridhar, Y. N. (2001). Value Development Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Education: Mysore. Tiwari, D. N. (2005). Values in Higher Education: Department of Philosophy Religion: Bhu. http://hechingerreport.org/content/value-really-means-higher-education_15129/ March 27, 2014.

A comparative study of Sydney Carton in Dickens A Tale of Two Cities :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

A comparative study of Sydney Carton in Dickens’ novel, A Tale of Two Cities, and Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet in Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet, requires the reader to analyze various aspects that the transforming effect love can have on a personality. As we study each character, it is relatively easy to see that no matter how painful love can be, it is usually to one’s betterment to have experienced it. Love affects each person differently. Some become more introspective, searching to better themselves for the sake of themselves or another. Others do not recognize what they are lacking in their lives until they find love. In either event, it permanently redirects the course of one’s life. Or causes one to end it in some cases. We see that all three characters learn to love themselves better, to love others anew and in the end, make the ultimate sacrifice for their love for another. Point A: Both author’s illustrate well, that a lack of love can have a profound effect on the behavior of a person. Whether a person has never experienced love by fortune or by design, the initial introduction of love into the personality can be intense. Dickens introduces Sydney Carton to us immediately after a trial, speaking to his client. It is at this point that we get a glimpse of the character of Carton, "†¦who smelled of port wine, and did not appear to be quite sober†¦" (Dickens, 100). Carton is so disillusioned with his own life, that he can’t even like his client [who looks like him], "Do you particularly like the man?’ He muttered, at his own image; ‘why should you particularly like a man who resembles you? There is nothing in you to like†¦" (Dickens 103). Romeo Montague is no less desultory, but youth is his excuse, while alcohol and lifelong disappointment are Carton’s. Shakespeare has Friar Lawrence state [about Romeo’s multiple infatuations], "Young men’s love then lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes" (1.3.67-68). Having not experienced life yet, Romeo does not yet understand the nature of love. He still sees it as a physical reaction, rather than emotional, "For beauty, starved with her severity / cuts beauty off from all prosperity" (1.1.227-228). Juliet is so immature and unskilled in the ways of love, that she shares her youthful desperation with her nurse, "Go ask his name; if he is married / my grave is like to be my wedding bed" (1.

Tybalts Misinterpretation in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Romeo and Juliet Essays

Tybalt's Misinterpretation in Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is the story of two "star-crossed lovers who take their life" (prologue). Their families were ancient enemies based on an ancient grudge no longer known, but still strong. Romeo and Juliet fall passionately in love ignoring the fact they are, by household, enemies. Friar Lawrence joins them in marriage in hope "to turn their households' rancour to pure love"(p. 43). They married without their families' permission or knowledge and against their society's conventions. Neither Romeo nor Juliet could live without the other by their side and were willing to do anything to be with each other. Shakespeare believes that acting in response to knowledge without evidence or thought can lead to disaster in the end. Misfortunes occurred due to Tybalt and Mercutio's misinterpretation of Romeo's reluctance to fight. Tybalt came to pick a fight with Romeo and instead of getting what he wanted, Romeo continued to hold back because of his marriage to Juliet. Tybalt continued to push for conflict not understanding Romeo's unwillingness. Mercutio also misunderstands Romeo's reluctance to fight and decides to stand up for him by challenging Tybalt to a dual. Tybalt and Mercutio end up fighting. When Romeo stepped in between the fighting Mercutio believed that the dual had ended. And as Mercutio was taken off guard Tybalt attacked and Mercutio was killed. Romeo wanted to get Tybalt back for what he had done and make Mercutio's death of some worth. Romeo used his rage and grief to slay Tybalt. All of this had happened because of Tybalt's and Mercutio's little misinterpretation of Romeo. Both acted without thinking or waiting for a little sense of the matter or any kind of explanation. Two lives were taken as a result and one banished from his true love. Romeo's banishment from Verona resulted in Friar Lawrence's failure to form a back up plan of any kind in case Romeo would not receive the letter or learn of the plan with Juliet. Right after Friar Lawrence received news that Juliet was to be married to Paris he created a plan right on the spot. The plot involved taking a substance that would make her appear to be dead. He said that he would send a letter to Romeo

mathew brady and the photographic documentation of the civil war :: essays research papers

Mathew Brady was the son of Irish immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1830's, later that year they became residents of Saratoga Springs, where they became acquainted with the artist, William Page. Page was a large influence on Brady's artistic lifestyle teaching him trades such as jewel making, case making, and painting. Page took Brady under his wing and they moved to New York where Brady met Samuel F.B. Morse an artist who instructed Page in earlier days. Morse began the new art of photography, which his friend Daguerre from Europe had just began. Therefore, the young Brady began his love for photography through Morse. Brady began to study the standards of this new and exciting art form. It took Brady several years to acquire the skill needed to take off in to the world and business of daguerreotype. Yet, in 1844 his professional photographer career began.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mathew was a respected photographer before even the thought of a civil war. He was very devoted to his work with the photographs. Many people did not consider photography an art form at the time in which Brady practiced it and therefore he tried extremely had to earn the respect he did. Mathew had many photography subjects before the war. Brady was a well-known photographer of portraits. Brady's mastery of technical details is part of the reason his name is still remembered today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mathew Brady was originally discouraged from photographing the civil war because of the danger that lie in the battlefields. Yet, the already famous Brady chose to photograph the civil war anyway.

Views of stereotypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

During the early 1800's, racism was still rampant among citizens in America, especially those in the south. Minorities were generalized as a member of a certain racial group and stereotyped with degrading qualities that implied that they were less than human. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain creates a character with all of the African-American stereotypes, and throughout the novel, develops him into a character that everyone can relate to, showing that he is human. At that time, African-Americans were seen as animals that did not care for anyone, but Twain shows that Jim has feelings, despite what society thinks. Another aspect of the African-American stereotype was that all African-Americans were stupid, but Jim, although uneducated, is not portrayed as stupid. A common belief among racists at the time was that African-Americans were less than human, but throughout the novel, Jim shows feelings of despair, regret and compassion, all of which are humanlike. In contrast to the typical stereotype that African-Americans care for no one but theirselves, Jim is depicted as an extremely caring person. When describing his daughter to Huck, Jim says, â€Å"En wid dat I fetch' her a slap side de head dat sont her a-spawlin'†¦Oh, Huck, I bust out a-cryin' en grab her up in my arms, en say, ‘Oh, de po' little thing! De Lord God Amighty fogive po' Jim, kaze he never gwyne to forgive hisself as lon's he live!†(156). In this quotation, Jim expresses extreme regrete and sorrow for his daughter whom he has realized is deaf and couldn't hear anything he was saying to her. When Huck and Jim have been separated and Huck is staying at the Grangerfords, Jim shows another instance of caring. When Huck saw Jim for the first time again he wrote, † I waked him up, and I reckoned it was going to be a grand surprise to him to see me again, but it warn't. He nearly cried he was so glad, but he warn't surprised†(114). In this quotation, Twain illustrates Jim's concern for not only his own family, but for his Huck, whom he has formed a unique friendship with. Twain successfully develops Jim into a character that cares not only for his family, but for his friends. African-Americans and slaves especially, were stereotyped as ignorant in the early 1800's. Jim, like most other slaves, has no formal education and talks in a dialect that makes him appear to be less educated. However Jim has a unique kind of intelligence. When Huck was trying to trick Jim into thinking that he had dreamt up their separation in the fog, Jim notices the debris on Huck, â€Å"Jim looked at the trash, and then looked at me, and back at the trash again. He had got the dream fixed so strong in his head that he couldn't seem to shake it loose and get the facts back into its place again right away. But when he did get the thing straightened around he looked at me steady without ever smiling† (54). Jim shows his common sense smarts by figuring out when Huck is lying to him. The fact that Huck, an educated white boy, couldn't fool Jim, an uneducated slave, with his scheme shows that although Jim is uneducated, he is intelligent in his own way. When the Duke and the King come on board the raft, Jim knows that since the King claims he is from France, that he should be able to speak French. â€Å"I found Jim had been trying to get him to talk French, so he could hear what it was like; but he said he had been in this country so long, and had so much trouble, he'd forgot it†(179). This shows the reasoning ability that Jim has. He knows that since the King is from France he should be able to speak French. Huck interprets this as Jim wanting to hear French, but what Jim is actually trying to do is to verify the King's story and keep themselves safe. Perhaps the worst stereotype about African-Americans at that time was that they were less than human, unable to feel humanlike emotions or act like normal humans do. Jim is portrayed as exactly the opposite, routinely risking his own life and freedom for the welfare of others. When Tom has been shot and Huck is consulting with Jim on what they should do, Jim says, â€Å"Well, den, is Jim gwyne to say it? No, sah-I doan'budge a step out'n this place ‘dout a doctor; not if it's forty year! (266)†. Jim has decided to risk being caught again to make sure that Tom Sawyer sees a doctor. He knows very well that he could easily be caught doing this and set back into slavery, but he does it anyway. This shows that Jim is a very humanlike character who experiences humanlike emotions, compassion in this instance, and acts in selfless ways. Twain again demonstrates Jim's equality and humanlike characteristics when Huck and Jim and eating on the raft. Huck writes, â€Å"so Jim he go t out some corn-dodgers and buttermilk, and pork and cabbage and greens†¦ and whilst I eat my supper we talked and had a good time† (126). This quotation illustrates Jim as an equal to Huck who can experience the same easy-going and fun emotions that Huck can. No where in the book is Jim unable to understand an emotion Huck or any other person is feeling, showing his humanity. Jim is a representation of how all people can feel emotions for others, be intelligent no matter how uneducated they are, and experience emotions of the human race. Mark Twain has succeeded in creating a character who although is a minority, embodies characteristics that people can relate to. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was an important statement against racism and the values taught can still be applies to the American culture today.

A Walk in the Woods

Bill Bryson’s 1998 literary work takes its readers’ imagination, as the title suggests, to â€Å"A Walk in the Woods.†The author returning back to the United States after living for 20 years outside the country decided to the reconnect with his home landscape and hikes the Appalachian Trail. In Bill Bryson’s account of the Appalachian Trail, both historical and environmental information is received by the readers. More specifically the environmental crisis and its causes are dealt in this Bryson’s book. For some, environmental issues are quite uninteresting and dull.However, readers of this book are still compelled to continuously read it because of its humor and thought-provoking exploration of the wild. Moreover, Bill Bryson’s style and themes informs and teaches several environmental issues and concerns to its readers while entertaining them. Though, by scanning the history and events in other areas, it can be said that Bill Bryson’ s accounted environmental problems in his book does not occur solely in the Appalachian Trail, rather it is a world-wide problem.Bill Bryson accounts that the Appalachian Trail is 2200 miles, and I think he is telling the truth. Based on what I have learned (or know) about, the Appalachian Trail is a 2,147-mile-long footpath from Georgia to Maine, which follows the ridgetops of the fourteen states through which it passes.Although other people had put forth similar ideas, Benton MacKaye’s article â€Å"An Appalachian Trail: A Project in Regional Planning,† is usually looked upon as having presented the impetus for the Appalachian Trail.A regional planner, MacKaye saw in the post-World War I era an America that was becoming hastily urbanized, machine-driven and far detached from the positive reinvigorating aspects of the natural world. In addition to endowing with obvious recreational opportunities, the trail he imagined or visualized would be a linking line between a se ries of everlasting self-sustaining camps in wherein cooperation would replace antagonism, trust replaces suspicion, and emulation replaces competition.Encouraged and supported by relatives, friends, and like-minded acquaintances, MacKaye set about disseminating the idea of an Appalachian Trail to anyone who would listen, as well as officials of the National Park and National Forest Services.Particularly interested to the trail concept were members and officers of previously existing trail organizations such as the Green Mountain Club of Vermont, the New England Trail Conference, and the Appalachian Mountain Club. Not overlooking the advertising power of the press, MacKaye also solicited the help of newspaper reporters and columnists throughout the Northeast.The idea struck a chord form in October 1923, just two years after publication of his article, the first few miles of trail to be built particularly as a part of the Appalachian Trail were opened to the public in the area of Har riman and Bear Mountain State Parks in New York by the then recently formed New York-New Jersey Trail Conference.Acting upon a request by MacKaye and others, the Federal Societies on Planning and Parks met in Washington, D.C, in March 1925, for the intention of furthering action on the Appalachian Trail.There, an organization establishing the Appalachian Trail Conference (now known as Appalachian Trail Conservancy, committed to the protection and management of the trail) was adopted, and William A. Welch, of New York’s Palisades Interstate Park Commission, was named its chairman. Throughout the meeting, it was determined that the Appalachian Trail would run approximately 1,700 miles (which is 500 miles less than Bill Bryson’s measurement or the length of Appalachian Trail today) from Mount Washington in New Hampshire to Cohutta Mountain in northwestern Georgia.A northern extension was to stretch to Mount Katahdin in Maine while a southern addition would reach all of th e way to Birmingham Alabama. Among various branch routes that were also proposed, one was to follow the Long Trail in Vermont, another would extend into the Catskills, and another was to run along the Tennessee River to Kentucky.

Calvetta Essay

4. How, if at all, should Calveta’s organization structure and practices be changed to accommodate growth and effective communication, while maintaining the company’s culture? This is a very sticky issue. Growth, along with other factors, seems to have diminishing effects on company culture, popularly referred to as â€Å"Antonio’s way†. Two forms of growth present themselves to the company. They can either expand into the hospital segment (which falls in line with core competencies); or they could buy up GSD consequently growing their SLF customer base. Given the issues listed, I don’t believe purchasing GSD would be profitable, as debt financing would have to be undertaken thus, going against Antonio’s way. However, Frank believes they must grow in order to stay competitive within the industry so the former opportunity should be undertaken. The turnover, and promotion rate for Calveta is too rapid. It’s one of the major issues dissatisfied customers had with the SLF. Frank should consider slowing this down, and perhaps placing new staff members in proper training programs administered by current staff to ensure smooth staff changes. Whilst flexibility and ease of advancement may make the employees happier, the customers will suffer from the constant interrupted changes. Calveta should maintain a degree of normalcy in the workplace, and make it harder to advance (could have positive affects on employees motivation). Another structural issue is the current staff organization. If Frank is worried about the loss of emphasis on his father’s ideals he must communicate this effectively with the staff. Discussion groups, incentive packages, and achievable goals should be established for all staff members, especially new ones, so that company culture is maintained and reinforced. If Calveta are to grow, they will need a larger amount of regional employees. This will most likely lead to the hiring of persons outside of the company. Calveta need not hire them right out of college though. They may obtain them from similar companies with similar values and ideals. As GSD is about to be taken over, perhaps the better staff members may wish to come to Calveta  instead of staying on with a new owner. To ensure continuation of company culture pointed questions in the interview and recruitment process pertaining to it should be asked. Similarly, constant feedback for current employees would reinforce challenge 4, of Antonio’s way.

There are certain actions Essay

There are certain actions we take during our young person that we come to repent subsequently on in life. Normally. such errors are attributed to the follies of young person and can merely be looked back on in hindsight. For most people. they can look back at that peculiar event and merely shrug it off and chalk it off to see. I can non accept that I made that sort of error in my life because I feel that if I had made the right determination so. I would non be repenting the reverberations I am confronting now. I was a childlike 17 twelvemonth old when I decided to subscribe up for boot cantonment. I was thrilled at the thought of being able to function my state even though at the clip. I was non witting of what that really meant. 2 hebdomads after I arrived at boot cantonment. America was smitten terrorists. 9/11 was the biggest incubus everyone both in the civilian and military field had to cover with. While I was seeking to develop and concentrate on larning the art of war. a batch of things were traveling on with my household back place. I was besides being pressured to come place by my parents who feared that I would be sent off to Afghanistan. The last think they wanted was to lose a girl to the war and truth be told. I could experience their fright because I excessively was afraid of what the cards of destiny may hold been keeping for my hereafter. I began to hold turns of depression and my officers noticed a pronounced alteration in my personality. They knew that I was non fit to function. So at the age of 18. before I could see any existent action. I was discharged from the service due to a medically documented Personality Disorder. It was a instance of â€Å"Too immature. excessively soon† for me and I was so baffled sing what I truly wanted to be and make that I had to be placed by the military physician on Zoloft medicine in order to cover with my anxiousness and depression. After I left the service. I got over the depression and started to take a normal civilian life. The idea of what might hold been had I non left the service still continues to stalk me so at the age of 24. I want to travel back to what I had left and seek to see if I can still follow the route and see where it takes me. In fact. every bit early as 2 old ages before I got married. I had already contemplated traveling back to the service as a National Guard but put it off because I told myself that when I went and got myself that release. I was traveling to make it for all the right grounds and that I would non do the same error twice. So when I was certain that I had the bravery to travel acquire the release and see my determination through to the terminal. I called my hubby and relatives to a conclave. I explained to them that I wanted to seek stableness in my life. I associated this stableness with the chance to pick up where I left off. that is. functioning my state regardless of the danger to my individual. My clip for psyche searching is over. it is now clip for me to turn out that I have what it takes to last in this universe on my ain. My hubby did non necessitate much convincing because he was raised in a military household and to the full supports my attempts to hold a calling in a field that will do me happy. My parents are still worried about me and are non certain that I am over my personality upset but after I presented them with my civilian physicians certification that I was fit to function in the military ( see attached enfranchisement ) . they eventually backed down and gave me their approval. I am showing myself to you with the hopes that you will besides see beyond my vernal mistake of ways and allow me this 2nd opportunity to turn out that I can be of service to my state in the best manner possible. That is by leting me to return to active responsibility and service in the military under the National Guard.

Examining the Stages of Interpersonal Communication Assignment

Examining the Stages of Interpersonal Communication - Assignment Example Someone was playing a prank on him and had taken away his clothes as he was swimming. He did not have a locker there since he was not a member so he had left the clothes on the benches when he went to the pool. It can then be considered that the first meeting was a bit funny and also sad. This was the initiating stage and it was characterized by us meeting in the pool area and the changing rooms and exchanging pleasantries whenever we could. I had the idea that he wanted to be my friend since he always said hello whenever we met and seemed more comfortable putting his clothes and bag near where I kept mine. When he asked me for my number so that he could get in touch and we could be swimming together, I knew that he wanted us to be friends. In the experimenting stage of our relationship, we began calling each other and planning for swimming together. This stage was definitely experimenting since we were always trying to know more about each other. I particularly wanted to find out where Tim lived, his hobbies, whether he had brothers and sisters, which school he went to and so much more. Later I came to realize that he also wanted to know the same and this was a way that would help us to reduce uncertainty (Adler & Proctor, 2012, p. 256). At this particular stage, I tried my best to appear as a good person so that Tim would be comfortable being my friend and he even let me know that there had been some guys at the gym that had always bullied him and played pranks on him and that was what had happened the first time we had met. As this stage progressed, we had more time around each other especially when going swimming since I had come to realize that Tim liked swimming the same way that I did. Severally, we visited each others’ houses and in the process I met his parents and siblings and when he came to my place, he got the chance to meet my parents and my brothers too. In this stage, I tried to be as direct as possible and told Tim the things that

Market Competitiveness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market Competitiveness - Research Paper Example The study will assess the relation between market competitiveness and organization pay system. It will help the organizations that are incapable to pay competitive salaries to its employees due to inadequate financial resources. Employee compensation is a key aspect in order to determine the market and industry competitiveness of a business. On the other hand, employee compensation also determines the productivity and effectiveness of an employee. As the salaries and wages contribute significantly to the income of employees therefore, the comfort, emotion, health and physical wellbeing of people is very much dependent on it. This has the insinuation that, firms that are unable to pay competitive salaries to their employees it may result struggling, less healthy and stressed up life of workers. It will affect the competitiveness of the company. Therefore, it can be said that less market unable to pay employee compensation may result less market competitiveness of organizations and less productivity of employees. Several level of employee compensation may also manipulate the employees’ behavior and attitude towards their organization and specific jobs. Lowly paid employees lean to show negative attitude toward their job as they are less motivated. These will definitely affect the productivity of employees that will negatively impact on the performance of the organization. Talented and skilled employees are basically more productive. It will save several training and orientation cost of organization. It also entails that the organizations that find it difficult to present attractive compensation will barely attract these experienced, talented and skilled employees. The organizations with limited financial resource can employ a key strategy in order to improve compensation of employees is bonus compensation system or performance based compensation system. It will allow the employees to be compensated appropriately

Entrepreneurship Virtual Simulation Experience Essay

Entrepreneurship Virtual Simulation Experience - Essay Example In addition, the plan includes the organizational and management structure, the sources of backup funds for the business in the case of bankruptcy, the business executive summary which shows the company’s missions and goals. The objectives of the enterprise include making profits while maintaining consumer ethics (Timm, Christensen & Blenker, 2014). The company description which provides what differentiates the business from others. Furthermore, the planning process includes marketing and sales strategies. It describes how the business plans to market itself plus its sales strategies. The core expectations include: Creating a Culture of Service to Colleagues and students, setting the standard for Trust, Honesty, and transparency. Developing staff and Nurturing Teamwork, Executing Strategies to Acquire Results, Decision Making and Accountability, Cultivating Scholarly and Cultural Assortment, Monetary Responsibility, Process Enhancement and Sustainability. Other expectations include Personal expectations are those expectations that the owner of the business expects from the enterprise. First and foremost, the business expects to make a profit from what it will sell to clients. Moreover, the trade plans to meet its current financial obligation in time (Timm, Christensen & Blenker, 2014). That is the business expects to be able to repay its loans and debts on time. The expectation that the company will grow over the following years is also significant. Besides the above expectations, the business anticipates that the foodstuffs and amenities that it will offer will gain popularity and obtain a wider market despite competition. Also, the owner of the company forestalls that everybody in the organization will be able to perform in a manner that will help the business grow and achieve its missions and objectives. Lastly, the business prospects that each employee will be fair-minded in providing quality work for a fair day’s wage. Customers

Geological Adventure Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geological Adventure - Personal Statement Example My first destination would be this marvelous cave of Lechuguilla in the heart of the Guadalupe Mountains in southern New Mexico at Carlsbad Caverns National Park. These sun-blasted ridges and the rock below them had been alive 250 million years ago. A magnificent barrier reef, geologists call El Capitn. The living reef had died as the basin it enclosed grew too salty. Then, long buried under later deposits, the dead reef became limestone; the ideal stone for caves1 (see Figure 2) Climbing and hiking Fans would love the place beside all the under ground wonders made by chemicals and water reactions that would be great picture shots for photograph fans to add to their collections (see Figure 3) After staying in New Mexico for a while, I will be then heading to Hawaii and its Kilauea volcano (On Big Island),one of the world's prime attractions for adventure travelers2 along with two other active volcanoes, Mauna Loa and Loihi that is located underwater off the southern coast of Hawaii's Big Island 3. There are many things to do there -besides watching Kilauea lava flowing into the sea. I would experience the mystery and walk through the native Hawaiian rain forest, hike over just-cooled lava. I could also visit the 52-foot Kilauea Lighthouse that was built in 1913 as a beacon for traveling ships4.

Causes and Cures of College dropouts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causes and Cures of College dropouts - Essay Example They make umpteen numbers of visits to campuses, spend long hours preparing for standardized tests, and prepare well-knit admission essays that leave no chance for rejection. After all these efforts, it these students leave the colleges they have long been trying to reach, one can easily identify that the reason lies not in the attitude or interest of the students, but in some other factors that result in the loss of interest. In my opinion, there are various factors which are economic, cultural, and social in nature. The economic factors Many scholars have acknowledged the fact that lack of funds or financial burden still remains as the first and foremost reason behind college dropout. The main reason behind this issue is the lack of long term vision in students. They prepare their funds well in advance, but only sufficient for the first semester or the first year. Such students soon face financial crisis and start looking for part-time jobs or grants. Most of them get frustrated so on and eventually decide to give up their studies. However, though not ultimate, there are various solutions that students can try before reaching the decision to quit. First of all, they can try to get a job in the college, for example, a position in library or canteen. This will enable them to give adequate attention to their studies. In addition, by improving their communication with other students and professors, they can come to know about the financial resources other such students depend on. Along with this, they might be able to find out possibilities of grants and scholarships. However, if someone believes that financial crisis is the only economic problem, it is too early to reach such a conclusion. There is certainly a category of students who believe that money making is, in no way, connected to education. According to the proponents of this class of thought, the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, was a Harvard dropout. The list is long; the cofounder of Oracle, Larry Ell ison, and the inventor of frozen French Fry, John Simplot, to mention but few. In addition, it is pointed out that professional education has nothing to do with professions like journalism, software engineering, and stock trading. So, it cannot be termed irrational if someone claims that ‘on-the-job’ experience at that age is much better than the highly expensive ‘university experience’. Social and psychological factors For many students, the transition from school to college is a difficult task. It involves forgetting the old friends and making new contacts, staying away from family and friends, and being totally responsible for ones own time, money, and performance. In fact, studies have shown that some students find the college life totally different from what they expected. They may not get the kind of close attention they used to enjoy at school. In addition, as the study at college is totally different from that at school, there may be a decline in th e scores they get. In addition, for those who move from a rural setting to a city, getting familiar with the lifestyle of city and college is a tough task. While some students take these challenges positively, some may not be able to cope up with the situation, and decide to stop. For those who are not used to staying away from family, homesickness and isolation are two important factors that make them take the wrong decision. However, not all are so homesick that they cannot adjust coming to an urban setting.

Research Summary and Ethical Considerations , consequences of nurses Essay

Research Summary and Ethical Considerations , consequences of nurses working long hours. needs to bequalitative or quantitative study - Essay Example Patients go to the hospital expecting the best of care from the nurses. When this is not the case due to nurses working for long hours, there emerges a cause for concern and immediate remedy. The consequences of nurse working for long hours are prioritized because of the intensity of human suffering that is associated with poor medical attention /care. The purpose of this study is to identify the consequences of long working houses for nurses and how they affect their ability to provide appropriate medical care to patients. Consequently, the goals of this study lead to formation of recommendations that can be adopted to handle the problem at hand. The purpose and the research question are directly related to the problem. Exploring ways to answer the research questions will give relevant information on the nature of the problem and provide insights on ways to deal with it. Qualitative methods such as case study analysis are appropriate in answering these research questions. Basically, the key consideration is how the nurses who work over long hours have behaved over time. The cases will provide information for analysis. There are qualitative and quantitative studies that have concentrated on highlighting the major consequences of long working hour’s for nurses. The school of nursing from the University of Pennsylvania conducted a study in 2012 where 22, 275 nurses were interviewed to give their experiences of working for more than 10 hours. The same study also interviewed patients who had been attended to by the nurses after the elapsing of the recommended working hours. Close to 80% of the nurses reported burnout due to fatigue and said they felt sleepy after working for 12-13 hour shifts. 70% of the patients interviewed reported dissatisfaction with the attention and medical care given to them by the nurses working for long hours. It has also been noted in the research conclusions that not much is done to improve the situation the nurses face. Other

Gay and Lesbian Rights Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gay and Lesbian Rights - Assignment Example While homosexuality did not have anything to do with communism, the power of the US was related to gender with homosexuality being seen as a surrender of one’s masculinity (Adam 56). At around this time, there was already the feeling among the political reactionaries that homosexuality would destroy the American society. This led to its repression in federal, state, and local governments across the US with authorities arresting homosexuals in gay bars. This reactionary activity meted out on homosexuals had an immense impact on homosexuals as they were fired and taken to mental institutions by the end of the 40s (Adam 57). In the 50s, gays and lesbians allied themselves to other minorities with the aim of having a liberal society, initially taking a cautious approach with the aim of ensuring survival and a reduction of hostility (Adam 60). The war had opened up increased opportunities at employment for gay people, whereas also allowing them to meet other gay people and experien ce gay culture at port cities when they were deployed. However, the end of the war brought with it a clamor for a return to the original social order that did not have a place for gay people. The tensions that arose from this reactionary attitude led to the rise of a homophile movement, especially among working class women and men who had been demobilized from the army. The most important of these movements was the Mattachine Society in 1951 in LA. The main aim of this society was to unify gays and lesbians who had been isolated from one another, education of all people on the probability of an ethical homosexual community; and assist those gays and lesbians under oppression. However, the movement reversed its objectives under pressure in 1953 to a low-key movement looking for accommodation. The homophile movement was again revamped with the entry of the Daughters of Bilitis (DOB) in 1955 (Adam 64). However, it was also more inclined to fighting for accommodation until the terror fr om the reactionaries subsided. By the 1960s, the homophile movement, had become part of the larger social upheaval and was not satisfied with simple accommodation and assimilation (Adam 68). The Beats movement of the 60s gave rise to cultural dissident zones in New York and San Francisco, including gays and lesbians. This increased the boldness of the DOB and Mattachine movements, which expanded to major cities across the US, only to be met with resistance again, especially politically. However, taking a leaf from the Civil Rights Movement, gays, and lesbians also began to call for their acceptance as full equals (Adam 72). In Making History: the Very Mad Scientist: Frank Kameny, the author also discusses the effects of the end of WWII on gays and lesbians, especially after they were fired from government and military positions. One of the people who suffered from this action was Frank Kameny, who grew up in New York before moving to Washington D.C. after completing Ph.D. studies at Harvard. The U.S. Army Map Service soon employed him before being fired in 1957 (Marcus 94). After attempting to get his job back for three years by himself, he finally decided to join up with other gay and lesbian movements. He joined Jack Nichols in 1961 to form the Washington D.C. Mattachine Society, which brought him to the attention of the FBI. Frank was soon to take part in protests, become involved in court cases, confrontations, and a constant subject of FBI surveillance. In 1957, he was called back from an assignment and accused of being gay, which was visible from his frequent visits to gay bars. This resulted in his being served with notice that he was to be fired for being a

Patients Dealing with Poverty Essay Example for Free

Patients Dealing with Poverty Essay Poverty affects almost half the world. Over three billion people live on less than $2.50 a day (Global Issues). The United States, one of the wealthiest nations in the world, accounts for almost 12% of these statistics. In addition to these people, another 50 million are â€Å"near poverty† level. Even more alarming, according to the 1999 Census Bureau, over 16% of all children in the United States live in poverty verse the recorded 12% of adults (Yahoo Health). I chose to write about people living with poverty because God has really placed the issue on my heart this year. Last May, my father lost his job and became homeless. I am happy to say he is now employed and looking for housing. After seeing the effects of poverty first hand, I have felt tremendously compelled to reach out to those in need. I have applied for an Episcopal Urban Intern Program through AmeriCorps and if I am accepted, I will be working with them starting in August. God has really blessed me with a heart of compassion and understanding, and I want to use that gift to serve others to the best of my ability. Poverty is a global issue that affects every corner of our world. There are an endless amount of people suffering in every county and many issues to be discussed. Because there are so many people affected worldwide, I am only going to focus on the effects in the United States for this essay. So, what is poverty? Poverty can be defined in several different ways. According to the US Census Bureau, poverty is measured in numbers. Any person living on a yearly income of $11,136 or under (add $2,820 for each additional person in the household) is considered to be in poverty (US Census 2010). However, the social definition of poverty is any person living with a lack of essential items such as food, clothing, water, and shelter (Think Quest). Minority racial and ethnic groups are much more likely to live in poverty. Also, poverty is much more prevalent in single, female-headed households (Yahoo Health). It is extremely important to be educated about the kinds of people living in poverty, especially if you are a healthcare worker, because the effects of their financial status greatly impact their well-being. Individuals living at or near poverty level suffer a variety of chronic ailments. They often have no health insurance so they rely on emergency rooms for care and often do not fill their prescriptions. They frequently postpone getting medical care due to lack of insurance and also have shorter life spans (Society of Teachers of Family Medicine). For every small decrease in income we see a significant decrease in health outcome. Another big concern of poverty-level individuals is that they are more likely to smoke and to live sedentary lifestyles (Hope Through Healing Hands). In a study done in year 2000, researchers found that more than one third of people living in poverty had a drug or alco hol problem. Also, more than half (56%) of those studied reported not having enough to eat at sometime in the last year (Society of Teachers of Family Medicine). Lack of nutrition, for any period of time, can cause detrimental effects on the body such as weight loss, bone deterioration, and even death (Merck Manuals). Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety were also very prevalent in this study of poverty-stricken people. Something very interesting to me about this study is that in response to interview questions about issues in daily life, personal health and/or access to health care services were the third most commonly cited concerns (employment and housing were the top two concerns). Among these health concerns, costs and health insurance coverage were the biggest issues raised. Nearly half of Americans whose incomes are below 150% of the poverty level are without insurance coverage. In contrast, only about 40% of those with incomes below 100% of the poverty level are without health insurance (Society of Teachers of Family Medicine). This is due to the target income range of government programs. Federal and state programs (such as Medicaid) help tremendously with insuring those at poverty level. However, there are many others considered the â€Å"working poor† who do not qualify for these programs. These people all too often have to choose between paying for meals and paying for health care. Those living in poverty that do have health insurance from government programs often have very limited coverage. Prescription medications and medical supplies (such as eyeglasses) are often not included. Healthcare professionals often mistake those in poverty, especially those between the 150% 200% level range, as non-compliant patients (Society of Teachers of Family Medicine). Because people living in poverty often do not come in for preventative care, do not fill prescriptions, and fail to adhere to other recommendations, they can easily be mistaken for â€Å"bad patients.† It is a common misconception that they are ignorant to the importance of health care. It is imperative to understand that these individuals are doing the best they can with the finances and resources they have available. The main solution to health care problems those living in poverty face is a change to our health care system. Coverage needs to be available to all members of society for all health needs. As healthcare workers, we are not all called to be change agents in the world for this cause. However, we can educate ourselves to better understand poverty so we can deal effectively with those patients experiencing it. Americans almost always seem to be informed of poverty in under-developed countries. They also seem to be well-aware that poverty causes poor health. Still, many in the U.S. remain unaware that this problem exists in our country as well (Hope Through Healing Hands). Healthcare providers can communicate effectively with poverty-stricken individuals by showing a genuine desire to assist and serve them. Developing a sense of empathy, not sympathy, for the person shows that you care for them rather than feel bad for them. It is important to understand that these individuals’ sense of time occurs only in the present. They rarely think of the future or what effects their present actions might have on them later in life (TFC Association). They live for today because that is all they have. It is best to project kindness to these individuals, as with any group of people. Another very effective tool for helping those living in poverty is providing resources. Researching free or low-cost programs in your community and sharing them with these patients is a great way to help. Using appropriate humor is also a great way to lighten the mood and bring a smile to someone’s face that may be experiencing financial hardships (TFC Association). There are so many problems poverty brings upon an individual. Living with this burden can truly effect a person is so many ways. As a healthcare worker there is only so much we can do to assist people at these low-income levels. Although we can not provide a means for them financially or fix the living situation they are in, it is important to understand the impact we can have just by being compassionate. If you work in an office with ignorance to this issue, it is vital to inform those around you about the effects of poverty on health care. Before jumping to conclusions about a patient who is non-compliant, you may want to ask questions to find out if it is due to poverty. The key is to treat them with dignity and respect, regardless of their social status, and you really will make a difference. Works Cited 1. Poverty Facts and Stats — Global Issues. Global Issues : Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Issues That Affect Us All — Global Issues. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats. 2. Poverty. Yahoo! Health. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://health.yahoo.net/galecontent/poverty-and-health#povertyintheunitedstates. 3. Poverty Data Poverty Threshholds U.S Census Bureau. Census Bureau Home Page. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/index.html. 4. Finding Solutions to Poverty. A Dollar a Day: What Is Poverty? Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00282/over_whatis.htm. 5. Understanding the Culture of Poverty. Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. www.tfcassociation.org//10Beveridge%20Todd%2022OCT%20THU%20Plenary.ppt. 6. Poverty and Healthcare: Fatefully Linked. Hope Through Healing Hands. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.hopethroughhealinghands.org/_uploads/Pov erty%20and%20Healthcare_Fatefully%20Linked_Johnson%20City%20Press_6.21.09.pdf. 7. Undernutrition: Disorders of Nutrition and Metabolism: Merck Manual Home Edition. Merck Co., Inc. Is a Global Research-driven Pharmaceutical Products Company. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec12/ch153/ch153a.html. 8. â€Å"Health Needs of People Living Below Poverty Level.† Transplant Financial Coordinators. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2001/may01/special2.pdf.