Sophies World By Jostein Gaarder :: essays research papers

Sophies World is about the life of a 14 year-old girl called Sophie Amundsen. It takes you on a journey though 3000 years of Western philosophy, presenting cardinal and in most cases annoying questions.This is the explanation of philosophy and philosophers given in the book"A white rabbit is pulled out of a top hat. Because it is an highly large rabbit, the trick takes many billions of years. All mortals are born at the very tip of the rabbits fine hairs, where they are in a position to call into question at the impossibility of the trick. alone as they grow older they work themselves ever deeper into the fur. And there they stay. They become so comfortable they never risk creep up the fragile hairs again. Only philosophers embark on this perilous expedition to the outermost reaches of language and existence. Some of them fall off, but others cling on desperately and yell at the quite a little nestling deep in the snug softness, stuffing themselves with delicious food and drink.Ladies and gentlemen, they yell, we are floating in space But none of the people down there care.What a bunch of troublemakers they say. And keep on chatting Would you pass the butter please? How much have our stocks risen like a shot? What is the price of tomatoes?"Some of the questions raised includeWhy are we here? Is there a God? Where does the world come from?This book attempts to tell you what people in the past have thought, fusing the historical side with the story itself.Sophie is taking a course in philosophy from Alberto Knox. Together they are trying to name their own answers to the questions so important to mankind. Then Sophie begins to receive postcards addressed to Hilde. But who is Hilde? And why are the postcards being sent care of Sophie? Coupled with the course in philosophy, Sophie and Alberto begin to question their very existence. Sophie finds a book about herself in a book about herself, and things seem to fall into place. Does the world Sophie an d all her friends bear in exist at all, or is it just in someones imagination or even in a book?

The Scarlet Letter :: essays papers

The Scarlet LetterNathaniel Hawthorne uses several different themes in his novel, The Scarlet Letter one of the themes Hawthorne uses is ugliness. The Bible teaches that sinning is bad and hated by God. The Bible also teaches that the greater the sin is, the greater the punishment is deserved. The characters deal with the sin of adultery. Hester Prynne, the adulteress while still beingness in wedlock with Roger Chillingworth Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the adulterer while still being a Reverend and Roger Chillingworth, a man who lives only to seek revenge atomic number 18 the three characters that deal with this sin the most. Who commits the greater sin?Hester Prynne seems to be a person who can be trusted. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth Prynne, sent her to New England to make a floor for Rogers return. Hester did get a home together. She lets her passion for Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, however, get in the way of what she really needed to be doing. Hester never lies a bout her sin with Dimmesdale, but she never fully comes out with the whole truth. The letter is too deeply branded. Ye cannot take it off. And would that I might endure his agony, as well as exploit (51) Hester does not want to put Dimmesdale in a worse situation than he already is in, so she never gives his name as her fellow-sinner. Instead, she carries the shame for the some(prenominal) of them.Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, a man of the cloth, lets his passion for Hester get in the way of his relationship with God. Dimmesdale wants to tell the towns tribe that he is Hesters fellow-sinner. Hester does not want him to because she does not want him to be shunned by his people. Not confessing causes his guilt to eat away at him. He tries to confess his sin to God, but never does.He is kept tacit by the very constitution of his nature...Guilty is as he may be, retaining, nevertheless, a zeal for Gods glory and mans welfare, he shrinks from displaying himself black and filthy in the view of men...he goes about among his fellow-creatures looking pure as new-fallen snow while his heart is all speckled and spotted with iniquity of which he cannot rid himself. (101)Dimmesdale wants to reveal to his people his sin, but when he finally does, he dies shortly afterwards.

Dr. Charles Richard Drew Essay -- Doctors Medical Health Biography Ess

Dr. Charles Richard DrewCharles Richard Drew was born on June 3, 1904 in Washington, D.C. He was very athletic as a child. Charles attended Dunbar lavishly School where he won letters in track, baseball, basketball and football game. He won the James E. Walker Memorial Medal as outstanding comprehensive athlete. Charles attended Amherst College in Massaschusetts on a scholarship. He was named an all-American halfback and won the Thomas W. Ashley Memorial Trophy as the Most Valuable Player on Amhersts football team. He graduated in 1926 and received the Howard Hill Mossman trophy for his outstanding contributions to Amherst sports. Drew was always interested in science and wanted to pursue a medical career. He attended medical school at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He participated in sports while in medical school and won some championships. He was captain of the track team and won the all-time top score at McGill in intercollegiate track competition. Drew graduated fro m McGill in 1933. That year he won the annual prize in neuroanatomy, the study of the structure of the nervous system, and the Williams Prize, passing an examination and scoring in the top v in his class. He interned at the Royal Victoria and Montreal General Hospitals. In 1935, he became an instructor in pathology at Howard University Medical School in Washington, DC. In addition to teaching, he was assistant surgeon at Freedmens Hospital. In 1938, he was awarded a Rockefeller fellowship to...

Mans Blinding Greed for money damages his soul Essay -- essays researc

I want it on the whole-money,fast cars,diamonds rings and champagne.So says Warren G in his quadruple platinum single(a) I want it on the whole.Hip hop artists profess their love for money through such lyrics.They portray this love through their music videos.Flashy cars,expensive clothing,extravagant locations and money are shown with the utmost ostentation. juvenile people look up to these musicians as their role models.They believe that those musicians have the perfect lives.You couldnt possibly go wrong with all that money.Or could you?MC Hammer,Toni Braxton and TLC all have one thing in common-they were all bankrupt at some point in their careers.Whitney Houston is a marijuana addict.Do these people have so much money that they dont even know what to do with it?Most musicians xompose their own songs and everyone knows that the best ballads are the ones about broken hearts.Therefore,are musicians really rich inside?Wouldnt we all be if we just looked for the bare necessities i n life?Happiness,truth and love.Happiness as defined in the Oxford Dictionary is a feeling of luck,fortune and contentment.Most hip hop artists behave their childhoods as miserable experiences because they grew up in the ghetto.But now that they have acquired all this wealth,their lives just couldnt be better.Could they have not made the best out of their childhood,knowing that they were love and cared for?Werent they truly happy then without all the material accessories?In my opinion,if you are lucky enough t...

Essay example --

The controlling Court case Miranda v. Arizona in 1966 affected the rights of the accused and the responsibilities of law enforcement. Miranda v. Arizona is known as the right to remain silent case. I must tell you first you have the right to remain silent. If you choose not to remain silent, everything you say or write can and will be used as evidence against you in court. You have the right to consult a lawyer in the beginning some(prenominal) questioning, and you have the right to have the lawyer present with you during any questioning. You not only have the right to consult with a lawyer before any questioning, but if you lack the financial ability to retain a lawyer, a lawyer will be appointed to represent you before any questioning, and to be present with you during any questioning. The court established new guidelines to ensure that the individual is accorded to his privilege under the Fifth Amendment not to be compelled to incriminate himself. Before the case, it was indec ipherable what rights criminal suspects had when taken down to the legal philosophy station, so the police did little to clarify the situation, which means they acted as if they had no rights and the police questioned suspects as if they as police are entitled to an answer. John Flynn argued the cause for Miranda while Gary K. Nelson argued the cause for Arizona. Those in favor of Miranda were Warren, Black, Douglas, Brennan, and Fortas while those in favor of Arizona were Clark, Harlan, Stewart, and White. Now the trim back before the Court is the admission in evidence of the defendants confession under the facts and circumstances of this case over the specific objections of this trial counsel that it had been accustomed in the absence of counsel, said John J. Flynn, who argued for Miranda. I believe... ... her rights given by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments before a trial. The Miranda Rights changed the way law enforcement conduct interrogations and gaining confessions. In takin g the case, the Supreme Court had to determine the role police have in protecting the rights of the accused guaranteed by the Fifth and Sixth Amendment. The legal issue brought up was whether law enforcement officials must inform an accused of his constitutional rights as a responsibility. The court case decision revolutionized criminal procedure by memory the rights of the accused guaranteed in the Bill of Rights apply in States, no less than in federal courts, which drew criticism from state courts. The Miranda v. Arizona decision was the Supreme Courts attempt to balance the rights of a person accused of a crime with the rights of society to prosecute those who commit criminal acts.

Coming Full Circle in Blue Highways Essay -- Blue Highways

In his traveling diary, Blue Highways, William Least Heat Moon takes a trip to various destinations of unknown worth. His American back roads tour is characterized by the pattern of taking a voyage that follows a circle. Least Heat Moons circular journey is both literal and spiritual. His travels circle the nation, and he gathers history and personality from all corners of America. More importantly, however, Least Heat Moon sets out to fully explore and queue himself. He provides the audience with the simple explanation of the circular nature of his journey because "following a circle would give a purpose&emdashto start around again&emdashwhere taking a line would not"(Least Heat Moon 3). Immediately, the reader is faced with William Least Heat Moons goal to knock himself and the wisdom of others. Before his journey began, Least Heat Moon experienced two significant life-changing events. First, the author was abandoned by his wife after existence separated for ni ne months. Then, as a result of declining enrollment, he lost his job teaching English at the Universi...

Coming Full Circle in Blue Highways Essay -- Blue Highways

In his traveling diary, Blue Highways, William least(prenominal) Heat laze takes a trip to various destinations of unknown worth. His American back roads tour is characterized by the pattern of taking a journey that follows a circle. least(prenominal) Heat Moons circular journey is both literal and spiritual. His travels circle the nation, and he gathers history and personality from all corners of America. More importantly, however, Least Heat Moon sets come out to fully explore and find himself. He provides the audience with the simple explanation of the circular nature of his journey because "following a circle would give a purpose&emdashto come around again&emdashwhere taking a line would not"(Least Heat Moon 3). Immediately, the reader is faced with William Least Heat Moons goal to find himself and the wisdom of others. Before his journey began, Least Heat Moon experienced two significant life-changing events. First, the author was abandoned by his wife after b eing separated for nine months. Then, as a result of declining enrollment, he lost his job teaching English at the Universi...

Propositions on Poker Machine Addiction Essay

The Ameri bed Gaming Association (AGA) is a group which represents its members who come from the commercial casino industry. Formed in 1995, the finish of the group is to create aw atomic number 18ness and pointual understanding of the casino world. The main purpose of the group is to educate the public and its stakeholders about casinos. In the process, it in any case benefits its members by giving support to them in terms of legislations that affect them and the industry, rules and regulations that they need to be familiar about, and several other assistance while operating their respective enterprises.The AGA in addition acted as a trusted source of information for media personnel and other industry partners. (About the AGA, 2003, n. p. ) As part of its advocacy, the AGA also highlights responsible gaming as an fundamental element in enjoying casinos. It partners with schools and encourages its members and employees to create awareness on responsible gaming, and identifies th e results of irresponsibility within casinos. The AGA started the orange wristband campaign under the Keep It Fun slogan, encouraging gamers to keep casino happening fun and never destructive.The wristband campaign exserts to be part of the Responsible Gaming Education Week and Lecture Series, two hosted by the AGA. (Responsible Gaming, 2003, n. p. ) Propositions on Poker Machine Addiction The Ameri displace Gaming Association submits this document to the Federal G everywherenment in response to the inquiry on propositions regarding the community effects of fire hook weapons. Poker machines experience been traditional entertainment tools. Since the creation of the first poker machine in the late 1800s, it has become wide identified with bars and liquor shops. (Poker machines history, n. d. , n. p. The availability of poker machines in public places has raised concerns that it might affect family structure.Coleman (1999, n. p. ) reports that in Australia efforts ease up been made to speculate the consociate between family issues and gambling. Poker machines have been pointed out to be the major culprit among all gambling devices. The same issues are present. Noting that poker machines are readily useable to all and that getting addicted to it is non impossible, and with an existing statistics of gamblers whose family life has been put at stake because of their addiction to the game, an inquiry has been made on how the issue can be resolved.The first option for many would be to restrain the availability of poker machines. At the most, the machines can even be totally banned. While this is an effectual way to address the issue, at that place are many considerations that whitethorn affect this. Casinos around the world employ thousands of workers, and a deep cut in their revenues may mean an unforeseen increase in unemployment. Also, poker machines and other gambling entertainments remit big tax revenues. In New Orleans, for instance, video poker ma chines accounted over $200 million in taxes.With such a price tag at stake, it is difficult for the local governments to surrender into banning poker machines. (The Associated Press, 2008, n. p. ) Poker Machines and the realness The issues besetting poker machines are not isolated. The same concerns happen all around the world. Actor Russell Crowe impressd to ban poker machines in Australia though lost in the voting. (Poker machine ban effort a bust, 2008, n. p. ) The Australian senate, on the other hand, also created the Poker Harm Minimization Bill of 2008, which aims to restrict, limit, and monitor poker machine activities in the country.The dilemma crosses other continents. Poker machines are big hits across Asia too. Thus, poker machines are often blamed to many social problems. (Man vs. Machine, 2008, n. p. ) However, coinciding with this is the fact that poker machine impostors often have to deal with other problems, as a field of honor of 43,000 Americans have found. It is in that locationfore concluded that making the game untouchable to gamblers with interrelated problems pull up stakes not solve their addiction. The same is true with thousand of other gamblers around the world. (Man vs. Machine, 2008, n. p. ) Gambling and the FamilyConsidering that a big percentage of 43,000 poker-machine playing Americans who underwent the study have other behavioral problems while addicted to the game, it cannot be disclosed that the family problems are caused by playing poker machines. There is the possibility that poker is their way of escaping from the other stresses in their lives. It can also be said that poker is their way of solving their problema player whose family is undergoing financial turmoil may think that poker may give him the luck he has been waiting for to ease his family of financial burdens. (Man vs. Machine, 2008, n. p. )However, it is acceptable to say that there are many players who have become addicted to the game, and at which point became disconnected with their families, begun failing to judge their finances properly, and miscalculated many personal and financial decisions for the sake of playing. The actual percentages of players who belong to these groups are difficult to tell. Yet, in crediting the existence of these two facets, it is easier to recognize the proper solutions to be carried out by the government. Individual choices Before any legislation, legislators must closely study the profile of poker machine players.In Australia, 62. % of casino players gamble in poker machines. This is a majority of all other casino games and gambling devices. Of these poker machine players, 98% play mainly in casinos and betting clubs. 85. 4% knows that playing the poker machine is a game of chance. Still, 73. 4% can play the machine for up to an hour. (Hing and Breen, 2002, 192) Here, the behavior of players can be seen. It also shows that the wide availability of poker machines elsewhere does little to affect the betting behavior of players, as majority plays mainly on betting clubs. It can be alarming, though, that gamers can sit and bet in the machine for up to an hour.Thus, this requires a close look. Gamers also have different reasons for playing. For the majority, playing the poker machine is purely to entertain themselves. It was a way to let cartridge holder pass. A small percentage of the respondents (21. 4%) played for hopes to win. (Hing and Breen, 2002, 192) This dispels the second facet presented herein, where it has been theorized that some players play poker machines for money. It can be associated that because majority of the players see poker machines as a game of luck, there is no certainty of winning or gaining money with it.In a personal level, respondents who play poker machines have been found to be between 18 and 34 years old. They are singles in the sense that they have never married. Thus, they may have relationships. Majority of them do not have dependents. (Hing an d Breen, 2002, 192) This questions the robustness of the argument that poker machines break families. With a majority of players without families or living under circumstances of broken families already, it is notable to discuss that poker machines may not be causing the family problems to begin with.The other issues besetting the players should likely be causing the complications, and thus should be addressed as well. Proposed Implementations The Australian study is a schoolwide view of the profiles of poker machine gamers. However, it is difficult to pattern implementations in other counties with this single study. A rigorous study for each country or extract is needed, for which solutions should be patterned. On the other hand, given that these mystifyings are also true elsewhere, the AGA proposes the following strategies for implementation.With these, it is expected that the Federal Government will be able to find ways to decrease or eliminate the claimed probable causes of poker machines as destructive agents to families. Bet and Time limit Hills (n. d. , n. p. ) assert that a player can bet up to $2 per spin and play up to 200 spins per hour. Finding that majority of poker gamers can sit and bet for up to an hour, it is recommended that time restriction be implemented. A player can bet on a machine for up to the approved maximum time only.This ensures that the player will not be too absorbed in the game and will remain conscious about his betting behavior and betting practices. Coinciding with this, there should also be a limit on the bets that one can play in a specific set. If the maximum bet for the day has been reached, the player should stop even if the game is less than the maximum allowed. Support for Gaming Advocacies Currently, the American Gaming Association has education drives to combat gaming addiction. While the program has been successful in places where it has been introduced, the group needs the additional mileage that the Federal G overnment can provide.The support will also mean more spate knowing about the campaign and educated about the ill effects of addictive gambling. It covers both prevention of gaming addiction and cure. Conclusion Many studies have associated gambling with breakage in family ties. With majority of gamblers playing poker machines, the device has become a point of contention. The local government, however, cannot decide on the proper move considering that a bog percentage of community revenues come from the machines. The Federal Governments inquiry helped assess the situation.It paved the way to reconciling the benefits of poker machines in terms of the financial help that it is offering and the pre-meditated bad effects that it is highly addictive and that it affects families. A thorough study of gamers is necessary. From their profiles, proper actions can be made. Limits on betting and play can help, as well as support in the education drives such as that of the American Gaming Assoc iation. This way, the machines can continue helping the community while avoiding any destructive effect it may have with families.

Blair Water Purifiers India

Blair pee Purifiers India strategic grocerying proviso solve Presented by Reham Mohamed Moustafa Yara Shahwan Dian Zorkany Rania Zeid T ark Zeid Strategic abbreviation ? The Audit degree ? S firening the External Macro environs ? Political legal ? Economic divisors ? Sociocultural factors ? Technological factors ? Scanning the internal and external micro environs ? Internal-environment analytic thinking ? External microenvironment analyses ? Demand forecast ? End Users involve ? Factors poignant consumer behavior ? Consumer buying decision process ? Competition analysis The food marketplace gross gross revenue map in 1996 ? The harvesting mapping technique ? Weighted competitive strength sagacity ? SWOT analysis ? TOWS analysis ? Setting objectives ? Setting Strategies ? Our suggestions ? Porter generic wine wine Strategies ? Mckinsey hyaloplasm ? Ansoff product Strategy ? variance ? Targeting ? Positioning ? Entry Strategy recommended Strategic analysis Stra tegic planning precedes selling planning by providing a framework within marketing plan readiness be formulated. found on the assessment of 1. Organizational capabilities 2. Threats from environmental forces 3.Competitors strength and weaknesses 4. Customers need 5. Demand This must be do through the next steps The Audit Stage Step one Scanning the External Macro environment Any marketing scheme must develop out of a detailed understanding of the environment. This is important to Identify organizations strategic shoes. nail down on the future of the organization. Matching organizational resources and capabilities For scanning external environment we should use the PEST model, as it result scan the whole external environment to give management clues somewhat strategic decisions pic pic Chatterjee analysis in the two visits was centred only on the urban cities neglecting the c junior-gradenish ones and this is a drawback as the rural cities in India count for more or less 80% of the population, his declare oneself was to make recommendations on market encloseing and on elements of instauration dodging. Political legal Chaterrjie confirmed that India is attractive to unusual investment through liberalization Foreign companies were taxed on income arising from Indian operations and pay taxes on any interest, dividends and royalties received The government offer favourable tax treatment if foreign investors will locate on one of the free zones Tax rate is superior than the USA, however the re term of enlistment on investment is elevateder than USA Trademarks and patents were protected in India Legislation in India was expensive and protracted that foreign firms prefer arbitration Our suggested improvements and comments He should fetch essayd the following Monopolies order to hedge against any monopolistic actions that may appear in the future Environmental protection law Employment law and this is important if the market entry will be joint venture or acquisition Economic factors Chatterjee analysis completely missing the economic factors, as he didnt analyze the Indian economy in any way He should have analyzed the following Interest pass judgment Inflation rate Business cycles Unemployment rates Disposable incomes As these factors are important to give insights about the economic conditions and the economic growth for the next years so as to cognise whether the market is possible for entry or notSociocultural factors Chaterjee identified his luff market to be around 40 million households and he identified their needfully and behaviour, alone he lose identifying the whole sociocultural factors from the following perspectives Population demographics population size, age distribution , religion ,social kinfolk are important factor to be analyzed by any firm before entering any market Income distribution Levels of education Social mobility Work and leisure meterThese factors are important espe cially that the target market for him was the rich well-educated high social mannikin so its important to identify this class and its growth Technological factors Chatterjee analysis emphasized that engine room was only available in large Indian cities the lack of adequate distribution and communication alkali in rural India meant that any market entry would begin with larger Indian cities to the highest degree likely in the west coast. But he should have analyzed many other aspects regarding this issue Government spending on research Government and industry focus on technological efforts The speed of technology transfer New discoveries and development Rate of obsceneness Step two Scanning the internal and external micro environment In this step we will commence by analyzing the internal and external microenvironment then finalize it by the swat analysis, which was missing in chatterjees study. He ignored mainly the microenvironment regarding the suppliers, stakeholders and intermediarys . He only analyzed consumers and competitors. pic 2-1 internal-environment analysisEmployees Blair Company employed over 4000 people with 380 having technical backgrounds and responsibilities Cash Flow order sales revenue for 1996 would be almost $400 million with an expected profit close to $50 million Annual Growth in sales revenue averaged 12% for the ultimo 5 years Capital assets ignored by Chatterjee Sales in the international division would reach almost $40 million in 1996, about $70 million would come from Latin and south America, $30 million from Europe and $40 million from south Asia and AustraliaMaterials ignored in the analyses though its important to scan the need bodilys for operation and theirs availability in the market, he only pointed that importing a few key components would be necessary at the start of the operations The Mckinsey 7 S model must be used here to finalize the step of internal marketing audit and this wasnt done by chatterjee Mckins ey 7S pic By analyzing these 7S we can fill out the firms core competences and its competitive expediency, which can be augmented for new market entry. Check List for internal auditWhile doing internal audit for strategic analysis, we can also use the below check list to get a yen the organizations strength and weaknesses and it must be weighted because some weaknesses are of less enormousness than others , while other strengths are of to a greater extent importance than others 2-2 external microenvironment analyses Stakeholders these were ignored in the analyses although its important to scan the stakeholders for the organization Suppliers again it was ignored in the analyses, our suggestions that the analyses of the suppliers must have be done from the following perspectivesTheir number, their values, their bargain power (if any), their strategic alliances with competitors (if any present), their distribution channels, their management structure Consumers and demand forecast Consumers analysis is essential for any strategic planning as they are the main concern for the organization and this must be done through Demand forecast Consumers (end users needs) First Demand forecast Chatterjee estimated the market potential based on collecting unit sales estimates for a 10-year period for 3 similar product categories vacuum cleaners, sewing machines and colour televisions.In addition a Delphi based research firm had provided him with estimates of unit sales of Aquagard, the largest selling water supply purifier in India. Chatterjee had used the data in two forecasting models available at Blair Company along with trey subjective scenarios -realistic, optimistic and pessimistic. But it was conservative as they described only first time sales not replacement sales and it only applied to industry sales in larger urban areas which was the present industry focus. Second End Users needsThe target separate was around 40 million households plus those in another 4 m illion households that share common needs. They valued comfort and product choice. They liked foreign brands and would pay higher price for such brands. One thing that seemed certain was that many Indians felt the need for improved water type. Folklore, newspapers, consumers activities and government officials regularly reinforced this need by describing the poor quality of water. Quality suffered especially during the monsoons and because of numerous leaks and unauthorized withdrawals from the water systemBetter educated, wealthier and more(prenominal) wellness conscious consumers took steps to safeguard their family s health and use water purifiers to purify the water all over the year. This is the target segment for Chatterjee. They are people who value comfort and product choice. They saw consumption of material goods as a way to a higher quality of life. o His analysis was missing forecasting the growth of this segment as his potential market is based on the educated aware s egment but he missed forecasting the growth of this segment as the growth of the segment closely relates to the growth of the sales The analysis also missed a deeper look at the target segment. From our point of view, market survey should be conducted to show in details the target segment preferences, their demographics (age, social class, occupation, style of life) whether they like flavours to be added in the water or not, their ethnic direction, even their political views (if they are anti-Americans or not) as these factors may affect potential sales in the short and long terms . Consumers in the target market needs (according to Chatterjee) can be summarized as the following 1) Product surgical operation to take sediments, bacterium and viruses ) Purchase price this is only concern for consumers who boiled water who count for 50% of the target market 3) Ease of installation 4) Warranty and availability of financing for purchase Factors affecting consumer behaviour We should a nalyze the uncontrollable and controllable factors affecting the Indian consumer behaviour, the uncontrollable factors are the sum of the macro environment analysis (PEST) but the controllable factors beam the marketers efforts in public figureing the 7 PS in a way that make the product convenient for the consumer so from the analysis of the target market done by chatterjee.Also there are other factors like motivation, life style, consumer perception and attitudes towards the product From the consumer analysis we can summarize that consumers in the target market need product of high quality, medium price (to be able to target a wider segments especially in the rural areas as they count 80% of the population and if they were successfully penetrated this will result in huge sales), ease of installation, warranty is needed, the emphasis on the need of healthy life style and fall in water will be a motive for consumers to buy the product.For consumer analysis, we suggest that he shou ld have used also the decision making process to know exactly what are the forces that affect the consumers buying behaviour Consumer buying decision process pic So according to this model we should analyze how consumers in India arrest aware of the water problem and so the need for purifiers is recognized, then from where consumers get the information (from magazines, newspapers, reference groups) , then how they evaluate alternatives (based on price or quality or warranty or capacity ,,,,) . Then the purchase and post purchase evaluation Competition analysisIt is very important for any strategic marketing plan to deeply analyze competition especially when it is done for new market entry Steps of Product /Market analysis 1. Identifying the generic need satisfied by the product categories (The need for improved water quality) 2. Identify the product categories (types / Classification) The need for water purifiers for household 3. Identify the specific product-markets Water purifier s, candle filters 4. Identify the product-variants (brands) competing with each other. Chatterjee analyzed the competition in a detailed way, which can be summarized in the following The market sales graph in 1996 Product Price Strength (competitive advantage) Weakness Aquaguard RS 5500 massive personal selling force Needs electricity Sales calls Enormous fixed be for sales efforts TV commercials (100-120 millions on sales commissions Magazines and newspapers advertising only) Advertising expenditures RS 1 million No storage capacity Slow flow rate fire functioning at 190 volts Couldnt eliminate strong odours Puresip RS 2000 Water could be stored safely for later usage Promotional tools was limited as it was Doesnt need electricity sold only by small no of independent dealers Zero B RS 2000 +RS 200 3 dress purification process Lack of onsumers awareness (Puristore) yearly Prevent iodine deficiency diseases No heavy advertisement Water can be stored up to 8 hours No sales efforts No electricity or plumbing is needed Limited distribution Store 20 litters of water TV advertisements and point of sales brochures Marketing expenditure RS 3 millions Aquarius RS 4000 Remove sediments, heavy metals, bacteria, fungiLife of the gubbins was listed as 40000 No electricity is needed but need water liters pressure Heavy advertising (TV, magazines, newspapers) Perfect rule Superior distribution channels Knowledgeable personnel 3000 independent dealers Delta brand More eye engaging externalise Alfa Water RS 4300-RS 6500 purifies Spectrum RS 4000 Remove only suspended sediments not heavy metals or bacteria Water Doctor RS 5200 Third stage ozonator to kill bacteria More attractive countertop 6-12 litre Candle Filters (Bajaj ) The analysis shows that the market is Oligopolistic structure The product mapping technique Quality Puristore Puresip Aquaguard Weighted competitive strength assessmentWe should do the weighted competitive strength assessment in the analysis to be able to see the recounting importance of key success factors and the relative strength of each competitor on each of these factors Key success factor Weight O T -Poor water quality in India as a result of infrastructure. - Competition in India market regarding water purifies. -Reinforcement of government officials and newspapers to improve water quality. Regarding Eureka Forbes -Life styles of Indians that value comfort and product quality choice. -Ineffectiveness of conventional orders in bacterial and viruses elimination. Huge sales force that highly motivated and well managed. -Liberalization and opened Indian economy to foreign investment. - Tremendous brand equity. -Market in India requires more than one design. -skilled poke in India was around Rs. 20to Rs. 25 per hour less than if Regarding Ion Exchange. compared to that in USA. -The weak strategic component of Aqua guard -ZERO-B purifies marketing efforts will intensify to addition awareness -No filter or purifies in India market can remove iron contamination to a -New advertising platform to increase awareness. satisfactory level. -No company in India target rural areas. Regarding Singer. * lack of consumer awareness of the consumers of the ZERO-B *the upper middle class households prefer high price and high quality for -It was superior in comparison to other primitive products in the markets foreign brands in design and distribution channels TWOS ANALYSIS Past Huge success of Blair company. -Product should be worked by -Brand name in USA. electricity Internal elements -Regarding water purifies company experts as superior in term of quality-Lack of sales office in India. and performance. *lack of sales force - broad(prenominal) technology that certifiable by WHO. Product name (Delight) not knowing - Design distinguished from i t superpower infringe on any existing competitors brand in India. -Blair Company employee (4000 people with 380 having technical background) -They still faced major issues in -Strong financial position configuring technologies into physical *sales in the international division products. reach almost $ 140 million in 1996 * Deligth has a distinguish western External elements design *the option of using battery is available Strategic options -Poor water quality in India as a S-O* using high technology that is W-O result of infrastructure. certified by WHO to satisfy the need *We can use the low cost skilful -Reinforcement of government for pure water in India labour in India to shoot down the officials and newspapers to improve * employ the strong financial and shortage of sales force in India water quality. international division to build up an -Life styles of Indians that value luck in the liberalized Indian comfort and product quality choice. ma rket -Ineffectiveness of traditional * utilize the high tec. to attack the methods in bacterial and viruses Aquaguard weak strategic components elimination. * Using the high quality products to -Liberalization and opened Indian satisfy the needs of the upper middle economy to foreign investment. class -Market in India requires more than one design. -skilled labor in India was around Rs. 20to Rs. 5 per hour less than if compared to that in USA. -The weak strategic component of Aquaguard -No filter or purifies in India market can remove iron contamination to a satisfactory level. -No company in India target rural areas. * lack of consumer awareness of the consumers of the ZERO-B *the upper middle class households prefer high price and high quality for foreign brands *to trade up the users of candle filters to a better safer product - Competition in India market S-T W-t regarding water purifies. *Using the high techno logy to compete *we must try to cope the product tec. with the other brands with India to be able to overcome the Regarding Eureka Forbes. *Using the western design to compete Indian market competition with competitors -Huge sales force that highly motivated and well managed. - Tremendous brand equity. Regarding Ion Exchange. -ZERO-B purifies marketing efforts will intensify to increase awareness -New advertising program to increase awareness. Regarding Singer. -It was superior in comparison to other rimitive products in the markets in design and distribution channels Step three Setting objectives The main objective is to consolidate the Indian market and stimulate tremendous growth, as the situation in India is attractive for foreign investment and considered to be a window of opportunities The objective is smart as it is specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time framed Step Four Setting StrategiesBased on the above situational analysis, we can now choose the strategies that will be used to achieve Blair Companys objectives According to Chatterjee, he identified two entry strategies Skimming strategy which means high price (RS 5900) and high quality Where the product design would be superior with higher performance and quality, lasting warranty period, more features and more attractive appearance Penetration strategy which means low price (RS 4400) and lower quality Our suggestions First Porter Generic Strategies pic Using Porters Generic Strategies, since the competitive scope is broad and competitive advantage is higher cost. We suggest using Differentiation strategy to enter the Indian market . y using the high technology strength of the Blair Company, the product must be high performance regarding to quality and western unique design. Second using Mckinsey matrix pic Since the competitive position of the firm is considered strong due to high technology and strong financial position and the market is attractive, we suggest adopting the Protect Position strategy where the company has to invest to grow at upper limit digestible rate and concentrate efforts in maintaining strength From our strategic point of view Blairwater must enter the Indian market by acquisition (high investment) using the low cost Indian labour force and the liberalized investment atmosphere in India. Third Ansoff Growth Strategy picAccording to Ansoff growth strategy matrix, Blair Water Purifier Company will adopt the Market Development strategy as the market is new but the product is the existing product. Regardless that the product must have some modifications regarding the Indian market, for example it may need extra purifying stage that the Indian water require, may be a whistle that tells the purifiers users that the unit is functioning probably, a small battery to operate the filters for several hours in case of a power failure (a common occurrence in India and other LDCS) or even pe rmitting users to add fluoride, vitamins or even flavourings to their water. Step Five STP (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning) pic 5-1 SegmentationPreviously we focused on approaches to environmental, customer and competitor analysis, and the frameworks within which strategic marketing planning can best take place. Against this background we now turn to the question of market segmentation, and to the shipway in which companies need to position themselves in order to maximize their competitive advantage and serve their target markets in the most effective manner. In Blairs company case Chaterjee analyzed his target market to be the better educated, wealthier, and more health-conscious consumers who took steps to safeguard their familys health hand often continued these steps years around.By estimation Chatterjee thought it would be around 40 million, these consumers were similar in many regard to consumer in middle and upper class households in the US and European Union who v alued comfort and product choice they saw consumption of material goods as a mean to a higher quality of life, they liked foreign brands and would pay a higher for such brands He reached the conclusion that his target market is these 40 million households plus those in another four million households who had similar values and lifestyles Chatterjee divided the target segments 40 million as follows *50 % from the target market boil water *10% from the 50% filter the boiling water *40% used a mechanical device in improving water divided to consumers who use candle filters and consumers who use water purifiers *10 % remaining consumers who know nothing about the problem and if they know they dont want to pay There are three marketing distinct approaches to marketing strategy which exist such as 1 Undifferentiated or mass marketing Product-variety or differentiated marketing 3 Target or concentrated marketing These are well illustrated in Figure Marketing segmentation Dividing the total market into different units, the units are heterogynous with each other We see that chatterjee divided the market using the following 4 segmentation factors into 4 segments He used the demographics (age) , social class (to show the buying power ,income and education ),Family size (to show the demand volume ) ,geographic ( surrounded by rural and urban ) and volume of usage 5-2 Targeting Choosing one or more segment Chatterjee chooses segment 1,2 and 3 and ignored segment 4 5-3 PositioningPositioning is stubborn according to the price strategies that Chatterjee mentioned whether if it skimming or penetration, product design for the skimming strategy would be noticeably superior with higher performance and quality longer warranty period, more features and more attractive appearance than the design of the penetration There are several positioning possibilities performance and taste, value for the money/low price, safety, health, convenience, attractive styling, avoiding diseases and health related bills and superior American technology. The only position he considered taken in the market was that occupied by Aquaguard protect family health and service at your doorstep.According to the differentiation entry that we selected, the positioning should be Superior American technology and design, performance and taste. Due to the three segments that we mentioned above, Chatterjee must design three different marketing mix as shown below Model of smaller capacity for segment 1, model for larger capacity for larger houses for segment 2 and 2 models for segment 3 that would remove iron, calcium and other metallic containments that were peculiar to particular regions, for example Calcutta. Question 2 The 3 ways to enter the Market Joint working arrangement Joint venture company Acquisition Main three Factors while selecting the best entry method Litigation Problems could extend a case for easily a generation Foreign companies were taxed on Income arising from Indian op erations The foreign company should pay taxes on also any interest, dividends, and royalties received and on any capital gains received from a sale of assets. Licensing Consideration Chatterjee Analysis Blair Company Financial Position will be minimal Expenses 30,000 in capital for production facilities and equipment , another $ 5,000 for office facilities Annual fixed costs should not exceeds $ 40,000 these investments would be offset by the Licensees payment to Blair company for technology transfer and personnel training Decrease of yearbook fixed costs to $ 15000 once Indian national are hired, happy and left in charged Duties of the Indian Labor will include seeing how the units are produced in USA with Blair company specification. The licensee would pay to Blair company around 280 R. S for each unit solid in the domestic market and 450 R. S for exported units, so the average will be around 300 R. S Licensing Analysis draft Indian company would manufacture and market the product. Licensee fees would be remitted to Blair company per unit basis over the term of the agreement Licensing Definition A contractual agreement whereby a multinational marketer (the licensor) makes available intangible assets such as patents, trade secre ts, know-how, trademarks, and company name- to foreign companies in return for royalties or other form of payments Licensing Pros and Cons Pros Quick and easy way to enter the market. Could be the only way to open the market. Provides life extension for products in the maturity stage of their life cycles. Is a good alternative for foreign productions and marketing? Royalties are guaranteed and periodic. Licensing can overcome high transportation costs which make some exports cooperative in export market. Licensing is immune to expropriation. Cons No full control over production and marketing. Royalties are negligible compared with equity investment potential. There is a risk of infection of creating competition in third country, or even home country markets if the licensee violates territorial agreement. Joint Venture/ Acquisition Chatterjee Analysis Financial investment and annual fixed costs would be higher and depnd on the scope of operations. Estimates of annual fixed expenses via acquisition would be same for joint venture Estimates for the investment might be considered higher/lower depend on what will be purchased. Assumption where made on the skimming, penetration pricing strategies Joint Venture Brief Blair company will be a partner with an existing Indian company specially for manufacturing and marketing the product Profits will split between the two companies according to their agreement Acquisition Brief Blair company will purchase an existing Indian company Profits will belong to Blair company Join Venture DefinitionA long term partnership between two or more companies sharing equity and risk with the purpose of making profits in a target market. Pros Potential for hi gher profits. More control over production and marketing. Better market feedback. More perplex in international marketing. Cons Great investment of capital. Higher level of risk. Potential conflicts between partners. Acquisition Definition Ownership by the international firm in foreign markets Pros Maximum profits. Full control over production and marketing. Better market feedback. Great experience in international marketing Integration of operations on a worldwide basis. Cons High capital and management resources requirements. Higher risk of expropriation Why Acquisition is the better entry way for Blair Company Based on all the mentioned analysis we have found that the Acquisition will be the best entry way due to all the acquisition pros the maximum profits, the full control and the better market feedback. In addition it will avoid the Licensing problems example no control over production and marketing as the Indian labor will know how the units are produced and the ir specifications as they must be trained in order to reduce the cost as the Indian Labor cost is less than the American Labor cost. Therefore, this is considered a negative pointAs for the joint venture it is not considered a good entry way as in India the Litigation Problems could extend a case for easily a generation in addition to the higher level of risks and the potential conflicts between partners. WEAKNESSES Areas of relative disadvantage that Indicate priorities for marketing improvement Highlight the areas and strategies that the planner should avoid OPPORTUNITIES Environmental trends with positive outcomes that offer scope for higher Levels of performance if pursued effectively Highlight new areas for competitive advantage THREATS Trends within the environment with potentially negative impacts that Increase the risks of a strategy Hinder the murder of strategy Increase the resources requiredReduce performance expectations STRENGTHS Areas of (distinctive) competence that Must always be looked at relative to the competition If managed properly, is the basis for competitive advantage Derive from the marketing asset base S3 Adults 25-45 Social class A, B High income Healthy life style Regions with iron contaminants S4 Adults 25-45 Rural areas Social class c Low income Low infrastructure S2 Adults 25-45 Social class A, B High income Healthy life style Large family size Big houses High volume usage S1 Adults 25-45 Social class A, B High income Healthy life style Small family size Flats residence Low volume usags1e bedevil content pic Submitted to Dr Usama Saleh

Assessment ‘Of mice and men’ Essay

Of mice and men is a novel by john Steinbeck about two migrant agricultural labourers George Milton and Lennie Small. At the outstart they atomic number 18 working at a ranch in northern California. The ranch is a microcosm of the macrocosm that was in America at that time in 1939. During this conclusion of failed businesses, harsh poverty, and long-term unemployment, we encounter how people attempted to survive on the ranch.In this essay I am going to clarify how Steinbeck presents the theme of variation in chapter 3. Discrimination call forms particularly unpleasant on the ranch because there are lonely, isolated characters, who looking are for friends and an escape from solitariness. In chapter 3 we see discrimination in the form of racism, eraism and sexism. The victims of discrimination in this novel are Crooks, a black stable buck Curleys Wife, the farm proprietors neglected daughter-in-law and Candy, an old, disabled housekeeper.Crooks, is terribly discriminated against because of his natural skin colour, which he has no choice to change it. Spose you couldnt go into the secede house and play rummy cause you was black this illustrates that the migrants on the ranch discriminate against him by having him left out of the gang. Furthermore he lives in a little shack on his own. They dont treat him equally in fact it almost feels give care as if they dont see him as human being. They dont care about his feelings and emotions nevertheless this isolation has consequently bear on his mental and physical well being.Crooks is not allowed to inclose the Bunk house, whereas Candys dog can. Therefore clearly this shows that they treat animals better than him. Although the dog has someone that looks out for him, crooks has no one except his books. condescension him believing that Books aint no good.Crooks had a bright childhood where he could play with white children and socialise with them, but this discrimination against him has affected him deeply. He n ever accepted this way of life unlike opposite slaves of his time, I got a right to have a light this shows that he is certified of his rights, even when he is having a simple conversation with mentally ill Lennie, who has no idea about rights not even his.Evidently this discrimination make crooks desperate for a companionship, A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody this demonstrates that crooks has gone to the point where he is dying for a lift to cry on, even Lennie with a childlike brain. Dont make no difference who the guy is, longs hes with you, This implies that he doesnt care if the friend is white or black, furthermore it shows that crooks is not racist. He plays horseshoes all day as an attempt to be care and be accepted for what he is.Similarly Candy is discriminated against because of his age. As they know that he hasnt got the physical strength to defend himself or his dog, they take utility of him and forced him to allow his only friend to be killed. Steinbeck used this to clarify that within the society the powerful ones rule the helpless and no matter what we do there pull up stakes always be evil around us.Whynt you get out candy to shoot his dog. This makes candy imply that this could be the prospect for him when he gets useless. It drove him to the desperation point of putting his life saving into the hands of complete strangers wanting to escape from the same closing as his beloved dog. The men on the ranch describe the dog as a stinking hound and an old bastard. Candy feels demoralize as he says I wish somebody would shoot me when I become useless. He feels left out and not respected because of his age as they killed his only friend, he feels that he doesnt wish to live without his precious dog anymore.Candy, a lost old man, hes absent a hand and his most reliable and trust worthy companion. i lost my hand my hand right here on this ranch, thats why they gave me a job swampin this worries candy that he will get fired soon because i f he can no longer work he will be dispensable. Steinbeck used this character because the older generation would relate to him.Curleys wife is the only women on the ranch. Everybody makes fun of her they dont talk to her as a friend because shes a woman. Aint I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they believe I am anyways?.This quotation shows that she is quarantined from the other migrants just like crooks and candy they are all isolated characters. The men on the ranch dont give a chance to get to know her personally, they just labelled her a trouble maker, and being Curleys wife doesnt do her any favour.As we never realize her real name in the book it shows how belittled she is, she is seen as a property of Curleys. Steinbeck did this because back in those days men were dominant and women were just seen as house wives. The men on the ranch act on their prejudice calling her nasty names such as a rattrap, jailbait, and tart. payable to this she feels alone and discriminated a gainst, because she is only seeking for attention to make friends, shes is not what they describe to be.Curleys wife is desperate for a companion just like candy and Crooks she wants someone to listen to her because Curley is never around, he never gives her the attention she needs, I dont like Curley, he aint a nice fella, clearly shows that she isnt happy, she feels trapped and lonely. Due to this she wonders around the ranch looking something to do, someone to talk to.Overall in conclusion Steinbeck carefully used these types of characters, because they each represent different society at that time of the book. Racism was very high and discrimination against women and the elderly were very common. I think the novel has relevance in our culture it portrays the issues of discrimination and racism. I think Steinbeck wrote this book to show the world that within our society we have a unsportsmanlike habit of making other feel down.

Preliminary Ruling under Article Essay

head 1.EC police forcemaking and the home(a) mandate of the Member States were integrated by the European fellowship Treaties. As much(prenominal) the national courts act in accordance with Community right and refer cases to the European courtyard of Justice. National judges play a key role in implementing Community law in their Member States. The exploratory reference system thus enables the national courts to comply with Community law and maintain cooperation with the European Court of Justice. Under this system the national courts refer cases for a preliminary ruling to the ECJ, in accordance with the provisions of article 234 EC .Article 234 EC contains the territorial extremitys for a preliminary reference. First, the referring insane asylum has to be a court or tribunal of a Member State. Second, the referral should be in respect of Community laws validity or interpretation and finally, the referring court or tribunal should determine whether at all thither is a n eed to deliver a judgment, by the ECJ. In Bosman it was opined by the Advocate General Lenz that the ECJ can refuse to consider a preliminary ruling request, if such a request apparently bears no relation to the main action .The European Court of Justice is an autonomous body that is independent of any Member State or institution of the European Union. The major function of the ECJ is to interpret the Community Treaties and Community law in accordance with the spirit of the EU, and to implement the EC law, doneout the EU. Therefore, the ECJ shoulders the responsibility of uniformly applying the EC law in all Member States. It constitutes the judicial pillar of the EU .While hearing cases, if a conflict arises between the national legislation and the EC law, with regard to the activity of the Community law the national courts should non declare the EC law to be inapplicable. It is the duty of the ECJ to resolve such situations through its case law. Article 234 EC contains the pro cedure to be adopted when national courts refer cases to the ECJ for a preliminary ruling. A wide range of jurisdictional requirements digest to be met by the ECJ in order to give a preliminary ruling. However, the ECJ can refuse to entertain a preliminary reference if it is satisfied that Community law is not invoked in these referred cases .In the Meilicke case, the issue was the right of shareholders to obtain information from the company management, as per the provisions of directional 77/91/EEC. The Directive requires certain safeguards to be implemented by the Member States, so as to protect the interests of shareholders and former(a)s. The Member States have to act in accordance with the second paragraph of Article 58 of the EC Treaty. The national court referred the case to the ECJ on the compatibility of the German Aktiengesetz with the Directive with regard to the process of forming public limited liability companies, their forethought and changes in their share capital .The national court was required to interpret these safeguards in accordance with the Second Directive. The ECJ keenly looked into the facts of the case. Its objective was to determine whether the German legislation, in the context of treating certain cash contribution preceded or followed by the companys transactions of payment of amounts to shareholders, so as to offset the debts of the company to the shareholders or subscribers, violated Community law. The national court had held that Community law had been violated, because these amounts had been in the form of disguised contributions in kind . However, the ECJ refused to respond to the referral, as it felt that it would be exceeding the scope of its jurisdiction .The underlying principle involved is that the national courts have to refer novel and subtle questions, regarding the application and interpretation of EC law, eon making a reference for a preliminary ruling. Subsequently, the ECJ would develop new case law, which wo uld serve as a guideline to national judges and other legal professionals in the EU.National courts are expected to develop a pan European perspective and thereby contribute to the integrity of the Union. As such the ECJ does not compel the national courts to refer cases for a preliminary hearing. Though, the ECJ cannot force national courts to submit cases for preliminary reference, Article 234 EC imposes such a requirement in some cases. In some other cases it requires national courts to directly refer the cases to the ECJ by suspending the cases in the first instance itself .Article 234 EC differentiates between lower courts and national courts of lead instance. The lower national courts have discretion, whether to make a reference or not. The national courts of last instance are compel to refer cases for preliminary reference, if the interpretation of Community law was such that referral was warranted. Most of these cases originate in the lower national courts. Hence, they poss ess the discretion to refer the cases to the ECJ. The courts of last instance are under an obligation to make such a reference, however, they possess some discretion in this matter and this has been specified in Article 7 EC .If a national judge has to deal with cases in which the validity and applicability of the EC law is challenged, or if the application of EC law is argued to be illegal then the national judge is under an obligation to make a referral to the ECJ for a preliminary reference. However, national judges are not competent to declare EC law invalid or unlawful. This is because, if a provision of EC law were to be declared as unlawful, then its application would have to be declared invalid in the entire EU. Therefore, it is unacceptable to declare a provision of the EC law invalid in a particular Member State while it is valid in other Member States, without any dispute or conflict with national legislation .In the Foto Frost case, the ECJ held that the national courts are under an obligation to refer questions regarding the applicability and validity of EC law to it. The ECJ held that national courts could only consider the applicability and honor of Community legislation. A national court cannot declare that a blame of Community legislation is invalid. Hence it only the ECJ that can invalidate Community legislation or an act of an EC institution .In Gaston Schul Douane-expediteur and International channel Transport Association the ECJ reiterated that the national courts were under an obligation to seek a preliminary reference from it. In Gaston, ECJ ignored the subject matter of the case and only considered the preliminary reference made by the national court. Afterwards, the ECJ held that the referral had been incorrect, because in an earlier last on a similar subject, it had given the same decision, due to the fact that a specific piece of EU legislation would be declared invalid.Question 2 aThe Employment Tribunals are competent to refer cases, under Article 234 EC, to the ECJ, whenever a clarification is needed regarding an EC Directive. This is exemplified by Coleman . In this case it was held that the ET was thoroughly within its powers to make a referral to the ECJ. This is provided for in Rule 58 of the ET Rules of Procedure 2004.Question 2bA disciplinary committee is neither a court nor a tribunal. Therefore, it is precluded from referring to the ECJ for a preliminary hearing. Moreover, a disciplinary committee, though a quasi judicial body, is all the same dependent on the administrator hence, the ECJ will not accept a preliminary hearing referral from it. This is on the basis of the ruling in Corbiau .Question 2 cThe Appellate Court had deemed the issue to be inappropriate and unarguable and consequently, unfit to be referred to even the House of Lords. Therefore, the issue is definitely not to be referred to the ECJ. In the muck Mara Fashion Group case, no questions had been submitted for a reference. Further the case was so ambiguous that the ECJ refused to have anything to do with it. It was also unclear as to why the case had been sent for reference and there were no provisions of EC law that had been violated .Question 2 dThe House of Lords need not refer to the ECJ, because it is fully convinced that it has comprehended the piece of legislation under consideration. Since, there is no breach of EC law by the national law, nor is there any difficulty in interpreting EC law, there is no necessity to approach the ECJ for a preliminary reference.Question 2 eIn the Nolle case, the ECJ held that a referral would not be entertained, if its purpose was only dependent to fact finding . As such the ECJ requires a verification of all the facts before filing a reference with it. Moreover, the Home Office is not a judicial body. Therefore, the Home Office cannot refer to the ECJ, in order to ascertain whether the Iranian student is to be deported or not.Bibliography scale 314/85, Foto-Fr ost v Hauptzollamt Lbeck-Ost (1987) .Case C 16/90 Nolle v. Hauptzollamp Bremen Freihafen (1991) ECR I 5163.Case C-83/91, Wienard Meilicke v ADV/ORGA FA Meyer AG, 1992 ECR I-4871.Case C 24/92, Corbiau v. Administration des Contributions, (1993) ECR I 1277.Case C-307/95 Max Mara Fashion Group (1995) ECR I-5083.C 415/93 Bosman v UEFA (1995) ECR I 4921.Case C-461/03, Gaston Schul Douane-expediteur BV v Minister van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit, (2005).Case C-344/04, R (International Air Transport Association and European Low Fares Airline Association) v Department for Transport, (2006).C 303/06, S. Coleman v. Attridge Law, Steve Law, (2006).The Relation Between National Courts and the European Court of Justice in the European Union Judicial System Preliminary Ruling Regimes According to Articles 234 EC, 68 EC, and 35 EU. February 2007. 3 February 2008.

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 27-28

27AUGUSTUSAugustus Brine lit his pipe and played back the details of Traviss story in his mind. He had terminate the bottle of wine, but if eitherthing, it had brought clarity to his thoughts by washing away the adrenaline from the mornings adventure.Thither was a time, Travis, that if some whizz had told me a story standardised that, I would arrest called the mental-health people to come and resource him up, but in the last cardinal hours reality has been riding the dragons back, and Im notwithstanding trying to see on myself. gist what? Travis asked.Meaning I believe you. Brine rose from the ch telephone circuit and began untying the ropes that bound Travis.There was a scuffling behind them and Brine turned to see Gian biddy Gian approaching through the living room wearing a flowered towel around his waist and a nonher around his head. Brine thought he looked like a prune in a Carmen Miranda costume.I am refreshed and rendery for the torture, Augustus Brine. The Djinn st opped when he saw Brine untying the demonkeeper. So, will we hang the beast from a tall building by his heels until he let outs?Lighten up, King, Brine said.Travis flexed his arms to get the blood flowing. Who is that? he asked.That, Brine said, is Gian chick Gian, king of the Djinn.As in genie?Correct, Brine said.I dont believe it.You are not in a position to be incredulous toward the human race of supernatural beings, Travis. Besides, the Djinn was the one who told me how to find you. He knew bring twenty-five centuries before you were born.Gian Hen Gian stepped forward and shook a knotted brown finger in Traviss face. Tell us where the Seal of Solomon is hidden or we will have your genitals in a nine-speed reverse action blender with a five-year control before you can say shazamBrine raised an eyebrow toward the Djinn. You comprise the Sears catalog in the bathroom.The Djinn nodded. It is filled with many fine instruments of torture.There wont be any need for that. Travis i s trying to find the seal so he can send the demon back.I told you, Travis said, Ive neer seen the Seal of Solomon. Its a myth. I read about it a hundred times in books of magic, but it was always described differently. I think they made it up in the Middle Ages to deceive books of magic.The Djinn hissed at Travis and there was a wisp of blue damask in the air. You lie You could not call up mother without the seal.Brine raised a upset to the Djinn to quiet him. Travis found the invocation for calling up the demon in a candle holder. He never saw the seal, but I believe it was secret in the candlestick where he could not see it. Gian Hen Gian, have you ever seen the Seal of Solomon? Would it be possible to conceal it in a candlestick?It was a silver scepter in Solomons time, the Djinn said. I suppose it could have been made into a candlestick.Well, Travis thinks that the invocation for sending the demon back is concealed in the candlestick he didnt open. Id guess that anyone who had that knowledge and the Seal of Solomon would too have an invocation for giving you your power. In fact, Id bet my life on it.It is possible, but it is also possible that the dark one is misdirecting you.I dont think so, Brine said. I dont think he wanted to be involved in this any much than I did. In seventy years hes never figured out that its his will that controls Catch.The dark one is retarded, thenHey Travis said.Enough Brine said. We have things to do. Gian Hen Gian, go get dressed.The Djinn left the room without protest and Brine turned again to Travis. I think you found the charwoman youve been sounding for, he said. Amanda and Effrom Elliot were unify right after he returned from World War One. They get their picture in the local paper every year on their anniversary you know, beneath a caption that reads, And they said it wouldnt last. As soon as the king is ready well go over there and see if we can get the candlesticks if she quench has them. I need yo ur word that I can trust you not to try to escape.You have it, Travis said. merely I think we should go back to Jennys phratry be ready when Catch returns.Brine said, I want you to try to put Jenny out of your mind, Travis. Thats the yet way youll regain control of the demon. But root, theres something you ought to know about her.I know shes married.No. Shes Amandas granddaughter.28EFFROMNever having died before, Effrom was confused about how he should go about it. It didnt seem fair that a man his age should have to adapt to new and difficult situations. But life was seldom fair, and it was probably safe to assume that death wasnt fair either. This wasnt the first time he had been tempted to firmly demand to speak to the person in charge. It had never worked at the post office, the DMV, or return counters at department stores. perchance it would work here.But where was here?He heard voices that was a commodity sign. It didnt seem uncomfortably warm a good sign. He sn iffed the air no sulfur fumes (brimstone, the Bible called it) that was a good sign. Perhaps he had done all right. He did a quick inventory of his life good father, good husband, responsible if not dedicated worker. Okay, so he cheated at cards at the VFW, but eternity seemed like an awfully unyielding condemnation for shuffling aces to the bottom of the deck.He opened his eyes.He had always imagined heaven to be bigger and brighter. This looked like the inside of a cabin. Then he descry the woman. She was dressed in an iridescent purple body stocking. Her raven-black hair hung to her waist. Heaven? Effrom thought.She was talking on the phone. They have phones in heaven? Why not?He tried to sit up and found that he was tied to the bed. Why was that? Hell?Well, which is it? he demanded.The woman covered the receiver with her hand and turned to him. prescribe something so your wife will know youre okay, she said.Im not okay. Im dead and I dont know where I am.The woman spoke i nto the phone, You see, Mrs. Elliot, your husband is safe and will watch so as long as you do exactly as I have instructed.The woman covered the mouthpiece again. She says she doesnt know about any invocation.Effrom heard a gravely male voice answer her, but he couldnt see anyone else in the cabin. Shes lying, the voice said.I dont think so shes crying. affect her about Travis, the voice said.Into the phone the woman said Mrs. Elliot, do you know someone named Travis? She listened for a second and held the receiver to her breast. She says no.It might have been a long time ago, the voice said. Effrom kept looking for who was talking but could see no one.Think, the woman said into the phone, it might have been a long time ago.The woman listened and nodded with a smile. Effrom looked in the direction of her nod. Who the hell was she nodding to?Did he give you anything? The woman listened. Candlesticks?Bingo the voice said.Yes, said the woman. Bring the candlesticks here and your hu sband will be released unharmed. Tell no one, Mrs. Elliot. Fifteen minutes.Or he dies, the voice said.Thank you, Mrs. Elliot, the woman said. She hung up.To Effrom she said, Your wife is on the way to pick you up.Who else is in this room? Effrom asked. Who have you been talking to?You met him earlier today, the woman said.The alien? I thought he killed me.Not yet, the voice said.Is she coming? Catch asked.Rachel was looking out the cabin window at a cloud of dust rising from the dirt road. I cant tell, she said. Mr. Elliot, what kind of car does your wife drive?A white Ford, Effrom said.Its her. Rachel felt a shiver of excitement run through her. Her sense of wonder had been stretched and tested many times in the last twenty-four hours, leaving her open and raw to every emotion. She was afraid of the power she was about to gain, but at the same time, the myriad possibilities that power created diluted her fear with a breathless giddiness. She felt guilty about abusing the old couple in order to gain the invocation, but perhaps with her newfound power she could repay them. In any case, it would be over soon and they would be going home.The actual nature of the Earth spirit bothered her as comfortably. Why did it seem well so impious? And why did it seem so male?The Ford pulled up in comportment of the cabin and stopped. Rachel watched a frail old woman get out of the car holding two ornate candlesticks. The woman clutched the candlesticks to her and stood by the car looking around, waiting. She was obviously terrified and Rachel, feeling a jab of guilt, looked away. Shes here, Rachel said.Catch said, Tell her to come in.Effrom looked up from the bed, but he could not rise enough to see out the window. What are you going to do to the wife? he demanded.Nothing at all, Rachel said. She has something I need. When I get it, you can both go home.Rachel went to the door and threw it open as if she were welcoming home a long-lost relative. Amanda stood by the car, t hirty feet away. Mrs. Elliot, youll need to bring the candlesticks in so we can inspect them.No. Amanda stood firm. Not until I know that Effrom is safe.Rachel turned to Effrom. Say something to your wife, Mr. Elliot.Nope, Effrom said. Im not speaking to her. This is all her fault.Please cooperate, Mr. Elliot, so we can let you go home. To Amanda, Rachel said, He doesnt want to talk, Mrs. Elliot. Why dont you bring the candlesticks in? I assure you that uncomplete one of you will be harmed. Rachel couldnt believe that she was saying these things. She felt as if she were reading the script from a bad gangster movie.Amanda stood clutching the candlesticks, uncertain of what she should do. Rachel watched the old woman take a tentative step toward the cabin, then, suddenly, the candlesticks were ripped from her grasp and Amanda was thrown to the ground as if shed been hit by a shotgun blast.No Rachel screamed.The candlesticks seemed to float in the air as Catch carried them to her. She ignored them and ran to where Amanda lay on the ground. She cradled the old womans head in her arms. Amanda opened her eyes and Rachel breathed a sigh of relief. are you all right, Mrs. Elliot? Im so sorry.Leave her, Catch said. Ill take care of both of them in a second.Rachel turned toward Catchs voice. The candlesticks were shaking in the air. She still found it unsettling to talk to a disembodied voice.I dont want these people hurt, do you understand?But now that we have the invocation, they are insignificant. The candlesticks turned in the air as Catch examined them. Come now, I think theres a seam on one of these, but I cant grip it. Come open it.In a minute, Rachel said. She helped Amanda get to her feet. Lets go in the house, Mrs. Elliot. Its all over. You can go home as soon as you feel up to it.Rachel led Amanda through the front door, holding her by the shoulders. The old woman seemed dazed and listless. Rachel was afraid she would drop any second, but when Amanda saw Eff rom tied to the bed, she shrugged off Rachels support and went to him.Effrom. She sat on the bed and stroked his bald head.Well, wife, Effrom said, I believe youre happy. You go gallivanting all over the state and you see what happens? I get kidnapped by invisible moon-men. I hope you had a good trip I cant even feel my hands anymore. Probably gangrene. Theyll probably have to cut them off.Im sorry, Effrom. Amanda turned to Rachel. Can I undo him, please?The pleading in her eyes almost broke Rachels heart. She had never felt so cruel. She nodded. You can go now. Im sorry it had to be this way.Open this, Catch said. He was tapping a candlestick on Rachels shoulder.While Amanda untied Effroms wrists and ankles and rubbed them to restore the circulation, Rachel examined one of the candlesticks. She gave it a quick twist and it unscrewed at the seam. From the weight of it, Rachel would have never guessed that it was hollow. As she unscrewed it, she noticed that the threads were gol d. That accounted for the extra weight. Whoever had made the candlesticks had gone to great lengths to conceal the hollow interior.The two pieces separated. A piece of parchment was tightly trilled inside. Rachel placed the base of the candlestick on the table, slid out the yellow tube of parchment, and slowly began to unroll it. The parchment crackled, and the edges flaked away as it unrolled. Rachel felt her pulse step-up as the first few letters appeared. When half the page was revealed, her excitement was replaced with anxiety.We may be in trouble, she said.Why? Catchs voice emanated from a spot only inches away from her face.I cant read this its in some foreign language Greek, I think. Can you read Greek?I cant read at all, Catch said. Open the other candlestick. Maybe what we need is in there.Rachel picked up the other candlestick and turned it in her hands. Theres no seam on this one.Look for one it might be hidden, the demon said.Rachel went to the kitchen area of the c abin and got a knife from the silverware drawer to scrape away the silver. Amanda was helping Effrom get to his feet, urging him across the room.Rachel found the seam and worked the knife into it. Ive got it. She unscrewed the candlestick and pulled out a second parchment.Can you read this one? Catch said.No. This ones in Greek, too. Well have to get it translated. I dont even know anyone who reads Greek.Travis, Catch said.Amanda had Effrom almost to the door when she heard Traviss name. Is he still alive? she asked.For a while, Catch said.Who is this Travis? Rachel asked. She was supposed to be the one in charge here, yet the old woman and the demon seemed to know more about what was going on than she did.They cant go, Catch said.Why? We have the invocation we just need to get it translated. Let them go.No, Catch said. If they warn Travis, he will find a way to protect the girl.What girl? Rachel felt as if she had walked into the midst of a plot-heavy mystery movie and no one was going to tell her what was happening.We have to get the girl and hold her hostage until Travis translates the invocation.What girl? Rachel repeated.A expect at the cafe in town. Her name is Jenny.Jenny Masterson? Shes a member of the coven. What does she have to do with this?Travis loves her.Who is Travis?There was a pause. Rachel, Amanda, and Effrom all stared at empty air waiting for the answer.He is my master, Catch said.This is really weird, Rachel said.Youre a little slow on the uptake, arent you, honey? Effrom said.

The City Life and the Country Life

Living area has always been a hotly discussed topic. Each person has their own preferences for staying in either a city, or the countryside. The typical differences between the city brio and the country vitality will be soundly presented in this piece of paper. A city life differs from a country life in term of food and rational stimulation. To begin with, living in the city offers you various kinds of food. Cities are supposed to be the biggest food markets, therefore chefs do not feature to travel far to get the oversea ingredients.Moreover, the city is certain to provide more facilities needed for intellectual stimulation than the countryside. Some of the major ones include modern technologies in universities, the diversity of books and magazines in libraries and bookstores, the enormous number of artworks in galleries and museums On the other hand, the country life contrasts with the city life regarding food and intellectual stimulation. Citizens in the countryside areas migh t not have a long list of foods, but they can guarantee that what they have been eating is totally safe because it is self-produced.More interestingly, many people consider the countryside an ideal place for educating a cultured person. Since it does not have as many conveniences as the city, life in the country brings up more contemplative peace and quietness. One would have more time interact with himself, without being put off by the outside elements as in a city. In brief, there are remarkable differences in food and intellectual stimulation between a city life and a country life. I highly recommend that you should consider my essay to make an appropriate decision on which area is the nearly suitable for yourself.

Act 3 the Crucible

Act III- Irony During Act III of The Crucible, by Arthur miller the central way that Miller depicts the corruption rooted inwardly Salem is through the usage of the literary device, irony. The usage of personal pronouns within this work of literature seems to indicate a sense of power that the citizens have, versus the power found within the unknown. Parris says the pastime in order to encourage Mary Warren to cast let out the devil, Cast the devil out Look him in the face Trample him Well save you, Mary, only stand fast against him and (109).The usage of the pronoun Well gives the indorser a sense of authority that is held by the high officials in Salem. Irony is plainly evoked because the inbuilt idea of the trails is to test the limits of the spiritual world within the town of Salem. The usage of personal pronouns reflects the flaws that seem to dismiss these trials. The controversial topic of god rooted within these trials is ironic in the sense that doing the right topi c could potentially be life threatening. Mary Warren proclaims that she loves god, after announcing her devilish pact, and says, No, I love divinity fudge I go your way no more.I love God, I bless God. Abby, Abby, Ill never support you more (110). Salem becomes so deeply rooted in lies that the idea of god becomes clouded for those who search to seek the right thing. The choice between life and death, right and wrong, becomes diluted, making the right decisions punishable. No field of study what is confessed, someone will either have to live with making the wrong decision, or die because a right decision was made. The figurative device of irony becomes reoccurring during act three in order to gain ground show the reader the corrupt practices that are happening in Salem.

Hygiene and Food Essay

The sustenance expound and f atomic number 18 cargo holdr must(prenominal) besides conform to plastered lower limit standards of hygiene or endangerment prosecution, cipherable fines and even put to sleep -The forage conduct covers every(prenominal) aspects relate to to the discussion of provender and the fear of fare expound -The act states the reference and responsibilities of the environmental wellness policeman -Environment wellness ships officers are authorise to enamour and remove, or bar the bargain of, whatever feature if they acquire it necessary.They in any case cause an sacrosanct office to inspect any nutrient exposit they believe to be affect with the preparation, storage or use of victuals designated for cut-rate sale -If an environmental health officer inspects exposit pennings that they are non hygienic, they great deal chip in to the department of health to payoff a sweet-up notice, coifing ad hoc repairs or improvement s that must be carried erupt -If the clean up is not carried knocked come to the fore(p) to their satisfaction of the environmental health office, then sess order to finish the premise or keep on the sale of any aliment from that premises.LegislationPurpose (WHY DOES IT EXIST? )Key FactsLinks to content (how you could entertain this in an exam answer) hygienics AND viands SAFETY fodder hazard 2003 (NSW) (as amended).The legislation covers the areas of fare for thought for compassionate consumption and the general requirements which testament check up on victuals interchange to the in the public eye(predicate) testament be unspoiled and suitable to eat in NSW-It is an criminal offense to sell grime forage or fare that has been incorrectly described -The food premises and food extendr must also conform to real(prenominal) stripped-down standards of hygiene or risk prosecution, coarse fines and even jail -The food act covers all aspects connect to the handling of food and the maintenance of food premises -The act states the role and responsibilities of the environmental health officer.-Environment health officers are authorised to secure and remove, or prevent the sale of, any item if they consider it necessary. They also have an absolute decently to inspect any food premises they believe to be involved with the preparation, storage or handling of food designated for sale -If an environmental health officer inspects premises reports that they are not hygienic, they can apply to the department of health to come to the fore a clean-up notice, ordering particularized repairs or improvements that must be carried break.-If the clean up is not carried out to their satisfaction of the environmental health office, then can order to close the premise or prevent the sale of any food from that premisesIn your probe if you put forward the key departments of cordial reception you can mention the nutrition Act 2003 to refer to the bo re of the food items, the premises that they are cooked in and consequences of not having a copesettic premises to serve the food in which you would have a report from an Environmental Health ships officer forage Regulation _______ (NSW) (as amended).This regulation, covers in detail, everything link to the handling of food, the food handler, premises, equipment and the pane of food and food products -construction standards for food premises and food vehicles -Appliances social functiond to handle food for sale to be clean and unbroken and not to be made out of certain materials -Packaging and labelling of food -Protection of food from defilement -Cleanliness and hyginene of persons LegislationPurpose (WHY DOES IT EXIST? )Key FactsLinks to content (how you could use this in an exam answer) HYGIENE AND diet SAFETY Food Act 2003 (NSW) (as amended).The legislation covers the areas of food for humanity consumption and the general requirements which will hold back food sold to the public will be caoutchouc and suitable to eat in NSW-It is an umbrage to sell contaminated food or food that has been falsely described -The food premises and food handler must also conform to certain token(prenominal) standards of hygiene or risk prosecution, ample fines and even jail -The food act covers all aspects related to the handling of food and the maintenance of food premises -The act states the role and responsibilities of the environmental health officer.-Environment health officers are authorised to seize and remove, or prevent the sale of, any item if they consider it necessary. They also have an absolute right to inspect any food premises they believe to be involved with the preparation, storage or handling of food designated for sale -If an environmental health officer inspects premises reports that they are not hygienic, they can apply to the department of health to issue a clean-up notice, ordering specific repairs or improvements that must be carried out. -If the clean up is not carried out to their satisfaction of the environmental health office, then can order to close the premise or prevent the sale of any food from that premisesIn your demonstrate if you mention the key departments of hospitality you can mention the Food Act 2003 to refer to the quality of the food items, the premises that they are cooked in and consequences of not having a adapted premises to serve the food in which you would have a report from an Environmental Health incumbent Food Regulation _______ (NSW) (as amended).This regulation, covers in detail, everything related to the handling of food, the food handler, premises, equipment and the transportation of food and food products -construction standards for food premises and food vehicles -Appliances use to handle food for sale to be clean and unbroken and not to be made out of certain materials -Packaging and labelling of food -Protection of food from contamination -Cleanliness and hyginene of persons Leg islationPurpose (WHY DOES IT EXIST? )Key FactsLinks to content (how you could use this in an exam answer) HYGIENE AND FOOD SAFETY Food Act 2003 (NSW) (as amended).The legislation covers the areas of food for human consumption and the general requirements which will ensure food sold to the public will be safe and suitable to eat in NSW-It is an offence to sell contaminated food or food that has been falsely described -The food premises and food handler must also conform to certain minimum standards of hygiene or risk prosecution, considerable fines and even jail -The food act covers all aspects related to the handling of food and the maintenance of food premises -The act states the role and responsibilities of the environmental health officer -Environment health officers are authorised to seize and remove, or prevent the sale of, any item if they consider it necessary.They also have an absolute right to inspect any food premises they believe to be involved with the preparation, stora ge or handling of food designated for sale -If an environmental health officer inspects premises reports that they are not hygienic, they can apply to the department of health to issue a clean-up notice, ordering specific repairs or improvements that must be carried out.-If the clean up is not carried out to their satisfaction of the environmental health office, then can order to close the premise or prevent the sale of any food from that premisesIn your essay if you mention the key departments of hospitality you can mention the Food Act 2003 to refer to the quality of the food items, the premises that they are cooked in and consequences of not having a satisfactory premises to serve the food in which you would have a report from an Environmental Health Officer Food Regulation _______ (NSW) (as amended).This regulation, covers in detail, everything related to the handling of food, the food handler, premises, equipment and the transportation of food and food products -construction st andards for food premises and food vehicles -Appliances used to handle food for sale to be clean and unbroken and not to be made out of certain materials -Packaging and labelling of food -Protection of food from contamination -Cleanliness and hyginene of persons LegislationPurpose (WHY DOES IT EXIST? )Key FactsLinks to content (how you could use this in an exam answer) HYGIENE AND FOOD SAFETY Food Act 2003 (NSW) (as amended).The legislation covers the areas of food for human consumption and the general requirements which will ensure food sold to the public will be safe and suitable to eat in NSW-It is an offence to sell contaminated food or food that has been falsely described -The food premises and food handler must also conform to certain minimum standards of hygiene or risk prosecution, considerable fines and even jail -The food act covers all aspects related to the handling of food and the maintenance of food premises -The act states the role and responsibilities of the environm ental health officer -Environment health officers are authorised to seize and remove, or prevent the sale of, any item if they consider it necessary.They also have an absolute right to inspect any food premises they believe to be involved with the preparation, storage or handling of food designated for sale -If an environmental health officer inspects premises reports that they are not hygienic, they can apply to the department of health to issue a clean-up notice, ordering specific repairs or improvements that must be carried out.-If the clean up is not carried out to their satisfaction of the environmental health office, then can order to close the premise or prevent the sale of any food from that premisesIn your essay if you mention the key departments of hospitality you can mention the Food Act 2003 to refer to the quality of the food items, the premises that they are cooked in and consequences of not having a satisfactory premises to serve the food in which you would have a rep ort from an Environmental Health Officer Food Regulation _______ (NSW) (as amended).This regulation, covers in detail, everything related to the handling of food, the food handler, premises, equipment and the transportation of food and food products -construction standards for food premises and food vehicles -Appliances used to handle food for sale to be clean and unbroken and not to be made out of certain materials -Packaging and labelling of food -Protection of food from contamination -Cleanliness and hyginene of persons LegislationPurpose (WHY DOES IT EXIST? )Key FactsLinks to content (how you could use this in an exam answer) HYGIENE AND FOOD SAFETY Food Act 2003 (NSW) (as amended)The legislation covers the areas of food for human consumption and the general requirements which will ensure food sold to the public will be safe and suitable to eat in NSW-It is an offence to sell contaminated food or food that has been falsely described -The food premises and food handler must also conform to certain minimum standards of hygiene or risk prosecution, considerable fines and even jail -The food act covers all aspects related to the handling of food and the maintenance of food premises -The act states the role and responsibilities of the environmental health officer -Environment health officers are authorised to seize and remove, or prevent the sale of, any item if they consider it necessary.They also have an absolute right to inspect any food premises they believe to be involved with the preparation, storage or handling of food designated for sale -If an environmental health officer inspects premises reports that they are not hygienic, they can apply to the department of health to issue a clean-up notice, ordering specific repairs or improvements that must be carried out.-If the clean up is not carried out to their satisfaction of the environmental health office, then can order to close the premise or prevent the sale of any food from that premisesIn your essay i f you mention the key departments of hospitality you can mention the Food Act 2003 to refer to the quality of the food items, the premises that they are cooked in and consequences of not having a satisfactory premises to serve the food in which you would have a report from an Environmental Health Officer Food Regulation _______.(NSW) (as amended). This regulation, covers in detail, everything related to the handling of food, the food handler, premises, equipment and the transportation of food and food products -construction standards for food premises and food vehicles -Appliances used to handle food for sale to be clean and unbroken and not to be made out of certain materials -Packaging and labelling of food -Protection of food from contamination -Cleanliness and hyginene of persons LegislationPurpose (WHY DOES IT EXIST? )Key FactsLinks to content (how you could use this in an exam answer) HYGIENE AND FOOD SAFETY Food Act 2003 (NSW) (as amended).The legislation covers the areas of food for human consumption and the general requirements which will ensure food sold to the public will be safe and suitable to eat in NSW-It is an offence to sell contaminated food or food that has been falsely described -The food premises and food handler must also conform to certain minimum standards of hygiene or risk prosecution, considerable fines and even jail -The food act covers all aspects related to the handling of food and the maintenance of food premises -The act states the role and responsibilities of the environmental health officer -Environment health officers are authorised to seize and remove, or prevent the sale of, any item if they consider it necessary.They also have an absolute right to inspect any food premises they believe to be involved with the preparation, storage or handling of food designated for sale -If an environmental health officer inspects premises reports that they are not hygienic, they can apply to the department of health to issue a clean-up not ice, ordering specific repairs or improvements that must be carried out -If the clean up is not carried out to their satisfaction of the environmental health office, then can order to close the premise or prevent the sale of any food from that premises.In your essay if you mention the key departments of hospitality you can mention the Food Act 2003 to refer to the quality of the food items, the premises that they are cooked in and consequences of not having a satisfactory premises to serve the food in which you would have a report from an Environmental Health Officer Food Regulation _______ (NSW) (as amended).This regulation, covers in detail, everything related to the handling of food, the food handler, premises, equipment and the transportation of food and food products -construction standards for food premises and food vehicles -Appliances used to handle food for sale to be clean and unbroken and not to be made out of certain materials -Packaging and labelling of food -Protection of food from contamination -Cleanliness and hyginene of persons LegislationPurpose (WHY DOES IT EXIST? )Key FactsLinks to content (how you could use this in an exam answer) HYGIENE AND FOOD SAFETY Food Act 2003 (NSW) (as amended).The legislation covers the areas of food for human consumption and the general requirements which will ensure food sold to the public will be safe and suitable to eat in NSW-It is an offence to sell contaminated food or food that has been falsely described -The food premises and food handler must also conform to certain minimum standards of hygiene or risk prosecution, considerable fines and even jail -The food act covers all aspects related to the handling of food and the maintenance of food premises -The act states the role and responsibilities of the environmental health officer -Environment health officers are authorised to seize and remove, or prevent the sale of, any item if they consider it necessary.They also have an absolute right to inspect any f ood premises they believe to be involved with the preparation, storage or handling of food designated for sale -If an environmental health officer inspects premises reports that they are not hygienic, they can apply to the department of health to issue a clean-up notice, ordering specific repairs or improvements that must be carried out -If the clean up is not carried out to their satisfaction of the environmental health office, then can order to close the premise or prevent the sale of any food from that premises.In your essay if you mention the key departments of hospitality you can mention the Food Act 2003 to refer to the quality of the food items, the premises that they are cooked in and consequences of not having a satisfactory premises to serve the food in which you would have a report from an Environmental Health Offis which will ensure food sold to the public will be safe and suitable to eat in NSW-It is an offence to sell contaminated food or food that has been falsely des cribed.-The food premises and food handler must also conform to certain minimum standards of hygiene or risk prosecution, considerable fines and even jail -The food act covers all aspects related to the handling of food and the maintenance of food premises -The act states the role and responsibilities of the environmental health officer -Environment health officers are authorised to seize and remove, or prevent the sale of, any item if they consider it necessary.